Final Review Semester 1

1
Final Review Semester 1

• Questions with answers
• Chapters 1 - 10

2
Question 1
Qualitative information is based on _______.
A. controls
C. numerical data
D. theory
B. observation
The answer is B.
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3
Question 2
Quantitative information is based upon _______.
C. numerical data
A. technology
D. independent variables
B. hypotheses
The answer is C.
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4
Question 3
An explanation for a question or a problem that
can be formally tested is _______.
A. an experiment
C. a scientific method
D. a theory
B. a hypothesis
The answer is B.
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Question 4
Which of the following is NOT part of scientific
method?
A. publishing results
B. developing new hypotheses
C. making a hypothesis
D. changing data to support a hypothesis
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The answer is D. You never should change data to
support a hypothesis.
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Question 5
Any structure, behavior, or internal process
that enables an organism to respond to
environmental factors and live to produce
offspring is called _______.
C. growth
A. an adaptation
D. reproduction
B. homeostasis
The answer is A.
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IN 1.31
8
Question 1
Animals that consume only plants are called
_______.
A. predators
C. herbivores
D. omnivores
B. carnivores
The answer is C.
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Question 2
A herd of wild horses would be considered a
_______.
A. community
B. population
C. ecosystem
D. biosphere
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The answer is B. A group of organisms, all of one
species, is a population.
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Question 3
Bacteria that live in the intestinal tract of
humans are an example of _______.
A. symbiosis
C. commensalism
D. parasitism
B. mutualism
The answer is B.
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IN 1.43
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Question 4
Which of the following is an example of a
first-order heterotroph?
A. algae
B. fungi
C. bear
D. deer
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The answer is D. A deer is a first-order
heterotroph. It consumes photosynthetic organisms.
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Question 5
Pyramid of Energy
Which level of an energy pyramid gives off the
most heat?
Heat
Heat
Heat
A. producers
B. consumers
Heat
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IN 1.44
15
Question 5
Pyramid of Energy
Which level of an energy pyramid gives off the
most heat?
Heat
Heat
Heat
C. decomposers
D. second-order heterotrophs
Heat
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IN 1.44
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The answer is A, producers.
Pyramid of Energy
Heat
0.1 Consumers
1 Consumers
Heat
10 Consumers
Heat
100 Producers
Heat
Parasites, scavengers, and decomposers feed at
each level.
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IN 1.44
17
Question 1
What biome would you expect to find at a
combination of the highest precipitation and
temperature?

• savanna

B. tropical seasonal forest
C. tropical rain forest
D. temperate rain forest
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IN 1.37
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The Answer is C. According to the graph,
tropical rain forests occur in areas with the
highest combination of temperature and
precipitation.
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IN 1.37
19
Question 2
Which of these biomes extends across the largest
variation in precipitation?

• savanna

B. temperate rain forest
C. taiga
D. tropical seasonal forest
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IN 1.37
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The answer is C, taiga.
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IN 1.37
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Question 3
What biome would you expect to find at a
combination of the lowest precipitation and
temperature?

• savanna

B. tundra
C. desert
D. taiga
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IN 1.37
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The answer is B. The tundra is sometimes
called a cold desert.
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IN 1.37
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Question 4
Which biome has the most productivity per square
meter per year compared to the percent of Earths
surface it occupies?
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IN 1.37
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• swamp/marsh

B. open ocean
C. tropical rain forest
D. temperate/deciduous forest
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IN 1.37
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The answer is A, swamp/marsh.
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IN 1.37
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Question 5
The plants now beginning to grow on Mount St.
Helens where the last eruption destroyed the
previous communities are an example of _____.

• climax communities

B. primary succession
C. secondary succession
D. mutualism
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IN 1.39
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The answer is C. Recall that secondary
succession occurs where life once existed.
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IN 1.39
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Question 1
Which of the following features is NOT typical of
rapid life-history organisms?
Answer

• early reproduction

The answer is D. Organisms that have a rapid
life-history typically dont live long.
B. rapid maturation
C. small body size
D. long life span
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IN 1.45
29
Question 2
Which of the following factors is
density-dependent?
Answer

• temperature

The answer is D, disease.
B. drought
C. storms
D. disease
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IN 1.43, 1.45
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Question 3
Which of the following conclusions is illustrated
by the graph?
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IN 1.45
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Question 3

• The deer population is at or below the carrying
  capacity of the environment.

B. The deer population is relatively stabilized.
C. The deer population is exhibiting
exponential growth.
D. No limiting factors are working on the deer
population.
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IN 1.45
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The answer is B. The deer population is
relatively stabilized.
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IN 1.45
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Question 4
Doubling time is calculated by dividing 70 by the
_____.

• annual percent growth rate

Answer
B. mortality rate
The answer is A.
C. birthrate
D. average population age
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IN 1.45
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Question 5
An even distribution of ages among the population
is a feature of _____.

• rapid population growth

Answer
B. negative population growth
The answer is C.
C. stable population growth
D. slow population growth
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IN 1.45
35
Question 1
Which of the following is NOT an example of
habitat loss?
A. algae have consumed the oxygen in
waterways
B. a new species of snake has been introduced
to a tropical island
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IN 1.38
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Question 1
Which of the following is NOT an example of
habitat loss?
C. warming of ocean water has killed
a coral reef
D. the building of a dam has prevented salmon
from swimming upstream to spawn
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IN 1.38
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The answer is B. Introducing a new species to an
environment does not necessarily lead to habitat
loss.
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IN 1.38
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Question 2
A volcano erupts, sending a wide river of lava
through the middle of a forest, where it is
eventually cooled and turned to lava rock. Which
of these would NOT be a result of the eruption?
A. alteration of edge effects
B. habitat loss
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IN 1.39
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Question 2
A volcano erupts, sending a wide river of lava
through the middle of a forest, where it is
eventually cooled and turned to lava rock. Which
of these would NOT be a result of the eruption?
C. habitat fragmentation
D. land pollution
The answer is D.
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IN 1.39
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Question 3
The dramatic rise in the rate of extinction of
species is thought to be due to _______.
A. the reduction of the ozone layer
B. the difference between the needs of the
human population and available resources
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IN 1.41
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Question 3
The dramatic rise in the rate of extinction of
species is thought to be due to _______.
C. acid rain
D. intentional introduction of foreign species
into new environments
The answer is B.
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IN 1.41
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Question 4
A plant or animal that is intentionally or
unintentionally introduced into a new area is
called _______.
A. an exotic species
B. a predator
C. an endangered species
D. a threatened species
The answer is A.
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IN 1.38
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Question 5
What strategy of conservation is illustrated
here?
A. establishing seed banks for threatened plants
B. building habitat corridors
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IN 1.43
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Question 5
What strategy of conservation is illustrated
here?
C. clearing the rain forest to grow
more food crops
D. releasing the endangered species
back into the wild
The answer is B.
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IN 1.43
45
Question 1
A large molecule formed when many smaller
molecules bond together is called a(n) _______.
A. peptide
C. polymer
D. nucleotide
B. isotope
The answer is C.
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IN 1.7
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Question 2
Which of the following are NOT made up of
lipids?
C. fats
A. steroids
D. enzymes
B. cell membranes
The answer is D.
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IN 1.6, 1.10
47
Question 3
Which of the following does NOT affect the rate
of cell diffusion?
A. pressure
C. concentration
D. temperature
B. motion
The answer is B.
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Question 4
Water is a very good solvent because water
molecules _______.
A. are polar
B. are attracted to each other
C. exhibit Brownian motion
D. resist temperature changes
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The answer is A. Water is a very good solvent
because water molecules are polar.
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Question 5
Which of the following is NOT true of enzymes?

• Enzymes change the speed at which
• chemical reactions occur .

B. Enzymes bind with a substrate
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51
Question 5
Which of the following is NOT true of enzymes?
C. Enzymes also are altered by the chemical
reactions they facilitate.
D. Enzymes release a product.
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52
The answer is C. Enzymes also are altered by
the chemical reactions they facilitate.
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53
Question 1
Which of the following is NOT part of the plasma
membrane of a cell?

• transport proteins

B. cholesterol
C. chromosomes
D. phospholipids
The answer is C.
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IN 1.2
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Question 2
Cells that digest excess or worn out organelles,
food particles, and engulfed viruses or bacteria
are called _______.

• vacuoles

B. ribosomes
C. golgi apparatus
D. lysosomes
The answer is D.
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IN 1.3
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Question 3
What type of cell is shown here?
Plasma membrane
DNA

• prokaryotic

Cell wall
Ribosomes
B. eukaryotic
C. animal
D. virus
The answer is A. Prokaryotic cells do not have
internal organelles surrounded by a membrane.
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IN 1.12
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Question 4
Which of these structures transforms energy for
the cell?

B.
Endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi apparatus
C.
D.
Nucleus
Mitochondrion
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IN 1.3
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The answer is D.
Mitochondrion
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IN 1.2
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Question 5
Which of the following does NOT contain
microtubules?

• cilia and flagella

B. centrioles
C. cytoplasm
D. cytoskeleton
The answer is C.
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IN 1.3
59
Question 1
What type of solution is this plant cell in?

• nonpermeable

B. hypertonic
C. hypotonic
D. isotonic
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IN 1.2
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The answer is B. The plasma membrane has pulled
away from the cell wall, indicating that it is in
a hypertonic solution.
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IN 1.2
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Question 2
Which of the following terms or phrases is NOT
associated with passive transport?

• with concentration gradient

B. facilitated diffusion
C. channel proteins
D. against concentration gradient
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IN 1.3
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The answer is D. Passive transport does not
require energy from the cell and cannot occur
against the concentration gradient.
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IN 1.3
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Question 3
Which of the following is NOT a limitation to
cell size?

• increased number of nuclei

B. surface area-to-volume ratio
C. diffusion
D. DNA
The answer is A.
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Question 4
Cytokinesis follows which phase of mitosis?

• prophase

B. metaphase
C. telophase
D. anaphase
The answer is C.
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IN 1.8
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Question 5
What do scientists believe cancer is the result
of?

• poor diet

B. changes in genes that control the cell cycle
C. over exposure to the Sun
D. being overweight
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IN 1.20
66
The answer is B. Poor diet and over exposure to
the Sun can trigger the changes in genes which
could result in cancer.
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IN 1.20
67
Question 1
Which of the following is a product of the citric
acid cycle?

• NADP

B. carbon dioxide
C. RuBP
D. PGAL
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IN 1.16
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The answer is B. For every turn of the citric
acid cycle, one molecule of ATP and two molecules
of carbon dioxide are produced.
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IN 1.16
69
Question 2
Which of the following is an end product of
glycolysis?

• hydrogen

B. carbon dioxide
C. glucose
D. pyruvic acid
The answer is D.
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IN 1.16
70
Question 3
Where is ATP produced in an animal cell?

• mitochondria

B. thylakoid membrane
C. ribosomes
D. lysosomes
The answer is A. The mitochondria host the
citric acid cycle.
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IN 1.3
71
Question 4
What does this illustration represent?

• electron transport chain

B. citric acid cycle
D. Calvin cycle
C. glycolysis
4ATP
2ADP
2 Pyruvic acid
2ATP
4ADP 4P
Glucose
2PGAL
2NAD
2NADH 2H
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IN 1.16
72
The answer is C. Recall that glycolysis is a
series of chemical reactions that produce two
molecules of pyruvic acid.
4ATP
2ADP
2 Pyruvic acid
2ATP
4ADP 4P
Glucose
2PGAL
2NAD
2NADH 2H
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IN 1.16
73
Question 5
How many molecules of ATP are produced during
cellular respiration?

• 2

B. 32
C. 4
D. 38
The answer is D.
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IN 1.16
74
Question 1
Which of the following states that every
individual has two alleles of each gene and when
gametes are produced, each gamete receives one of
these alleles?
C. law of independent assortment
A. rule of dominance
B. rule of unit factors
D. law of segregation
The answer is D.
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IN 1.22
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Question 2
If T is the allele for tall plants and t is the
allele for short plants, the phenotype of
individual 4 is _______.
T
t
A. TT
T
1
2
B. tall
C. tt
t
3
4
D. short
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IN 1.21
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The answer is D. Recall that phenotype describes
the way an organism looks.
T
t
T
1
2
t
3
4
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IN 1.21
77
Question 3
The genotype of individual 1 is _______.
T
t
A. TT
T
1
2
B. tall
C. tt
t
3
4
D. short
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IN 1.21
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The answer is A. The allele combination that an
organism contains is its genotype.
T
t
T
1
2
t
3
4
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IN 1.21
79
Question 4
Nondisjunction occurs in which phase of meiosis?
A. anaphase II
B. prophase I
C. anaphase I
D. telophase I
The answer is C.
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IN 1.8
80
Question 5
A monohybrid cross between two heterozygotes
produces a phenotypic ratio of _______.
C. 121
A. 169
D. 9331
B. 31
The answer is B.
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IN 1.21