Data visualization

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Data visualization

• Team Indigo

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What is Data Visualization? 

• The use of interactive, sensory representations,
  typically visual, of abstract data to reinforce
  cognition, hypothesis building and reasoning
• The art of using visual thinking to understand
  complex information

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Origin (maps)

• Maps were the first form of data visualization
• The oldest known map was made in 6200 B.C.

http//curvebank.calstatela.edu/greatlinks/milesto
ne.pdf
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17th Century

• Used to help explain mathematics

Pascals Triangle
Langren Difference in Longitude in Toledo and
Rome
http//www.math.yorku.ca/SCS/Gallery/images/tufte/
langren.jpg
Cambridge University Library
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• Beginnings of statistics led to new data
  visualization

Graunt Mortality Table 1662
http//www.math.yorku.ca/SCS/Gallery/images/dan/mo
rtality_table.jpg
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• First graph of a continuous function
• 1669 Huygens graph of Gaunts life table

http//www.math.yorku.ca/SCS/Gallery/images/huygen
s-graph.gif
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18th Century

• New technology allowed for more widespread use of
  color in data visualization

3D pyramid used to show color systems Lambert
http//www.uni-mannheim.de/fakul/psycho/irtel/cols
ys/Lambert.html
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• First topographical map Carla-Boniface
• 1782

http//www.math.yorku.ca/SCS/Gallery/icons/isis/fg
15-t.gif
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• Use of squares to represent demographics

http//www.math.yorku.ca/SCS/Gallery/images/palsky
/defourcroy.jpg
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19th Century

• Modern statistical graphs invented
• Bar graph, pie chart, histogram, line graph etc
• Official state statistical offices started in
  Europe
• Diagrams and graphs used
• to describe scientific phenomenon

http//www.math.yorku.ca/SCS/Gallery/images/dan/fa
raday-image3.jpg
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20th Century

• The invention of the computer revolutionized data
  visualization
• Computers allowed for many things that couldnt
  be done before
• It allowed for animation, interactivity, and data
  manipulation
• Made it easier to display multivariate systems
• Studies began that tested effectiveness of types
  of graphics and how to make more effective ones

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Multivariate Systems

• Chernoff used faces to show a multivariate system
• Faces are used because humans instinctively
  recognize differences in faces

Another way to display a multivariate system
http//www.math.yorku.ca/SCS/Gallery/images/faceau
tm.gif
http//www.visualcomplexity.com/vc/images/119_big0
1.jpg
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Interaction with Data

• Data with links
• Zooming
• Brushing
• Overlaying
• Rescaling
• http//elections.foxnews.com/states_map/index.html

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An example of interactive data used by Fox news
to show the results for the recent presidential
election
http//elections.foxnews.com/states_map/index.html
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What are its main uses?

• Educational visualization
• Using a simulation normally created on a computer
  to create an image so it  can be taught about
  (i.e. atomic structure, skeleton) 
• Information visualization
• Concentrates on the use of computer-supported
  tools to explore large amount of abstract data.
  (i.e. hyperbolic trees )

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What are its main uses?

• Knowledge visualization
• The use of visual representations to transfer
  knowledge between at least two persons by using
  computer and non-computer based visualization
  methods complementarily (i.e. sketches, diagrams,
  images, objects, interactive visualizations)
• Visual Communication 
• Visual communication is the communication of
  ideas through the visual display of information.
  (i.e. websites)

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What are its main uses?

• Product Visualization 
• Visualization software technology for the viewing
  and manipulation of 3D models, technicaldrawingand
  other related documentation of manufactured
  components and large assemblies of products.
  (i.e. computer-aided design drawing, 3-D
  modeling)

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Visual Communication--using visual display of
information to facilitate communication

• Included art, signs, photography, typography,
  color and electronic resources, etc
• Modern applicationswebsite, across multiple
  fields of info system
• Information visualization

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Examples of data visualization

• Code_swarm http//vis.cs.ucdavis.edu/ogawa/codesw
  arm/
• 3-D Game Design

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Many Eyes

• Information Visualization developed by
  Collaborative User Experience research group at
  IBM's Visual Communication Lab
• Produces visual data with user submitted abstract
  data interactively through website

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Many Eyes (cont.)?

• Types of Visualizations
• World Maps
• Over Time Graphs
• Line
• Stack

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Many Eyes (cont.)?

• Graphs Comparing Set of Values
• Bar
• Block
• Bubble Chart
• Matrix Chart
• Relationships among Data Points
• Scatter Plot
• Network Diagram

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Many Eyes (cont.)?

• Parts of Whole
• Pie Chart
• TreeMap
• Common Words in Text
• Tag Cloud
• Word Tree
• Wordle

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Many Eyes (cont.)?

• Promotes Web 2.0 community driven data analysis
  through user created data visualization
• Allows us to easily interpret abstract data in
  new interesting unseen ways through patterns and
  also interact with the data versus static printed
  charts

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UBC/GNWC MDM Fisheries Project

• Educational/Knowledge Visualization developed by
  Vancouver Graduate School in Digital Media
• Visualizes Human Impacts on Fish Populations in
  Gulf of Mexico dynamically through 3D Underwater
  Ocean Simulator

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Fisheries Project (cont.)?

• Use Digital Media to provide readily accessible
  and usable information versus complex graphs or
  tables
• Policymakers can test different decisions,
  what-if scenarios and see results first hand
• How Does It Work
• EcoPath software Provides data
• Blender Open Source Game Engine

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Fisheries Project (cont.)?

• Python scripts to handle data flow from the
  EcoPath software to the Game Engine
• Project Presentation

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More examples

• Educational Environments
• Graphical User Interfaces

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Data Mining

• What is Data Mining?
• Online Analytical Processing
• MOLAP
• ROLAP
• Market Basket Analysis Algorithm
• Limitations

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Data Mining Techniques

• Classification
• Exact Rule
• Strong Rule
• Probabalistic Rule
• Association
• Sequence
• Cluster

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Future Applications
Social Networking
Browsing the Internet