Chapter 5 Input

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Chapter 5Input
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What Is Input?

• What are two types of input?

DATA Bradley Kinkade 42 hours 12.50 per hour

• Data
• A collection of raw unprocessed facts, figures,
  and symbols
• Instructions
• Programs
• Commands
• User responses

USER RESPONSESYes, the timecard entries are
correctNo, the timecard entries are not correct
COMMANDSprint the timecard
PROGRAMStimecard
hard disk
p. 5.3 Fig. 5-2
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What is Input?

• What is information?

p. 5.3
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What are Input Devices?

• What is an input device?

• Any hardware component that allows you to enter
  data, programs, commands, and user responses into
  a computer

p. 5.4
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The Keyboard

• What is a keyboard?

• An input device that contains keys you press to
  enter data into the computer

Click to view Web Link then click Keyboards
p. 5.4 Fig. 5-3
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The Keyboard

• What are alternative forms for commands?

• Many programs allow you to use a button, a menu,
  or a function key to obtain the same result

Command
Button
Menu
Function Key(s)
p. 5.4 Fig. 5-4
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The Keyboard

• What is a portable keyboard?

• A full-sized keyboard you conveniently can attach
  and remove from a handheld computer

p. 5.6 Fig. 5-7
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Pointing Devices

• What is a pointing device?

• An input device that allows you to control a
  pointer on the screen
• A pointer is a small symbol on the screen
• The pointer takes several shapes

p. 5.7
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Mouse

• What is a mouse?

• The most widely used pointing device on desktop
  computers
• Controls the movement of the pointer, also called
  the mouse pointer, on the screen

Click to view video
Click to view Web Link then click Mouse
p. 5.7
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Mouse

• How does a mechanical mouse work?

• A rubber or metal ball is on its underside
• When the ball rolls in a certain direction,
  electronic circuits in the mouse translate the
  movement of the mouse into signals the compute
  understands

• A mouse pad provides better traction and protects
  the ball from a build up of dust and dirt

p. 5.7 Fig. 5-9
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Other Pointing Devices?

• What is a trackball?

• A stationary pointing device with a ball on its
  top

Click to view Web Link then click Trackballs
p. 5.10 Fig. 5-13
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Other Pointing Devices

• What is a touchpad?

• Also called a trackpad

• A small flat, rectangular pointing device that is
  sensitive to pressure and motion
• Typically built onto keyboards of laptop or
  notebook computers

Click to view Web Link then click Touchpads
p. 5.10 Fig. 5-14
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Other Pointing Devices

• What is a pointing stick?

• A pressure-sensitive pointing device shaped like
  a pencil eraser that is positioned between keys
  on the keyboard

Click to view Web Link then click Pointing
Sticks
p. 5.11 Fig. 5-15
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Other Pointing Devices

• What are a joystick and a wheel?

• Help the user control the actions of players and
  vehicles in game and simulation software
• A joystick is a vertical lever mounted on a base

• You move the lever in different directions to
  control the actions of a vehicle or player
• A wheel is a steering-wheel type of input device
• You turn the wheel to drive a car, truck, or
  other vehicle
• Most include foot pedals

p. 5.11 Fig. 5-16
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Other Pointing Devices

• What is a light pen?

• A handheld input device that contains a light
  source or can detect light

• Some require a specially designed monitor
• To select objects on the screen, you press the
  light pen against the surface of the screen and
  then press a button on the pen

p. 5.12 Fig. 5-17
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Other Pointing Devices

• What is a a touch screen?

• A touch-sensitive display

• You interact with the device by touching areas of
  the screen with your finger
• Often found in kiosks located in stores, hotels,
  airports and museums

p. 5.12 Fig. 5-18
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Other Pointing Devices

• What is a stylus?

• Looks like a ballpoint pen, but uses pressure to
  write text and draw lines
• Originally called a pen or electronic pen

• Used in professional graphical applications
• A graphics tablet, also called a digitizer or
  digitizing tablet, is a flat rectangular,
  electronic plastic board used with a stylus

Click to view Web Linkthen click Stylus
p. 5.13 Fig. 5-19
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Other Pointing Devices

• What is an electronic signature?

• Also called an e-signature

• Pen and graphics tablet used with special
  software for handwriting recognition
• An electronic signature is just as legal as an
  ink signature

Click to view Web Linkthen click E-signatures
p. 5.13 Fig. 5-20
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Other Pointing Devices

• What is handwriting recognition software?

• Some notebook and many handheld computer have
  touch screens that allow you to input data using
  a stylus

• Software translates handwritten letters and
  symbols into characters that the computer
  understands

p. 5.14 Fig. 5-21
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Voice Input

• What is voice input?

• The process of entering data by speaking into a
  microphone that is attached to the sound card on
  the computer
• Voice recognition, also called speech
  recognition, is the computers capability of
  distinguishing spoken words

p. 5.14
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Voice Input

• How does voice recognition work?

Step 1 User dictates text into microphone.
Step 2 An analog-to-digital converter (ADC)
translates sound waves into digital measurements
the computer can understand. Measurements include
pitch, volume, silences, and phenomes. Phenomes
are sound units such as aw and guh.
Step 3 The software compares the spoken
measurements to those in its database to find a
match or list of possible matches.
Step 4 To narrow a list down, the software
presents the user with a list of choices or uses
a natural language component to predict the most
likely match. The user may correct any wrong
selection made by the software.
p. 5.15 Fig. 5-22
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Voice Input

• What is audio input?

• The process of entering any sound into the
  computer such a s speech, music, and sound
  effects
• Requires a sound card
• Input sound via a device such as a microphone,
  tape player, CD player, or radio
• Windows stores audio files as waveforms
• Called WAV files with a .wav extension

p. 5.16
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Voice Input

• What is MIDI?

• An external device such as an electronic piano
  keyboard used to input music and other sound
  effects
• Music is stored in the computer

p. 5.16 Fig. 5-23
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Input Devices for Handheld Computers

• What is the primary input method for a handheld
  computer?

• A handheld computer typically includes a basic
  stylus

• Stylus used to input data in two ways
• On-screen keyboard
• Hand writing recognition software

Click to view video
Click to view Web Linkthen click Handheld
Computer Input
p. 5.17 Fig. 5-24
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Input Devices for Handheld Computers

• How is a data entered into a handheld device?

p. 5.17 Fig. 5-25
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Company on the Cutting Edge

• Palm

• More than two million people worldwide have a
  Palm handheld computer
• Commands three-fourths of the handheld computer
  market
• More than 43,000 developers are working on new
  software applications and hardware add-ons

Click to view Web Linkthen click Palm
p. 5.14
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Technology Trailblazer

• Donna Dubinsky

• President and CEO of 3Coms Palm Computing
  Division
• Founded Handspring with Jeff Hawkins in 1998 with
  the goal of becoming the leading handheld
  computing device maker for the consumer market
• The most-rapidly adopted new computing product
  ever manufactured

Click to view Web Linkthen click DonnaDubinsky
p. 5.17
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Digital Cameras

• What is a digital camera?

• Allows you to take pictures and store the
  photographed images digitally - no film.

p. 5.18 Fig. 5-26
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Digital Cameras

• How does a digital camera work?

Step 1 Point to the image to photograph. Light
passes into the lens of the camera
Step 1
Step 2 The image is focused on a chip called a
charge-coupled device (CCD)
Step 3 The CCD generates an analog signal that
represents the image
Step 4 The analog signal is converted to a
digital signal by an analog-to-digital converter
(ADC)
Step 5 a digital signal processor (DSP) adjusts
the quality of the image and stores the digital
image on storage media in the camera.
Step 6 Images are transferred to a computer by
plugging one end of the cable into a camera and
the other end of the cable into a computer or
the images are copied to the hard disk directly
form the media.
Step 7 Using software supplied with the camera,
the images are viewed on the screen, incorporated
into documents, or printed
p. 5. 19 Fig. 5-27
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Digital Cameras

• What is resolution?

• The sharpness and clearness of an image
• The higher the resolution, the better the image
  quality, but the more expensive the camera
• A pixel (picture element) is a single point in an
  electronic image

• In digital images the pixel is a tiny square
• The greater the number of pixels, the better the
  quality of the image

p. 5. 20 Fig. 5-28
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Video Input

• What is video input?

• The process of entering a full-motion recoding
  into a computer and storing it on a storage mediu

p. 5.21 Fig. 5-29
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Video Input

• What are some factors related to video input?

• Video files can require huge amounts of storage
  space
• Video compression is used to decrease the size of
  the files
• Files can be compressed using software or hardware

p. 5.21
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Video Input

• What is a PC video camera?

• A DV camera that allows the home user to record,
  edit, and capture video and still images and to
  make video telephone calls on the Internet
• Also called a PC camera

p. 5.22 Fig. 5-30
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Video Input

• What is a Web cam?

• A video camera whose output displays on a Web page

p. 5.23 Fig. 5-31
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Video Input

• What is videoconferencing?

• A meeting between two or more geographically
  separated people who use a network on the
  Internet to transmit audio an video data

p. 5.24 Fig. 5-32
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Scanners and Reading Devices

• What is a scanner?

• A device that captures data directly from source
  documents
• A source document is the original form of the data

p. 5.24
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Scanners and Reading Devices

• What is an optical scanner?

• Usually called a scanner
• A light-sensing input device that reads printed
  text and graphics and then translates the results
  into a form the computer can use

• A flatbed scanner, a more popular type, works
  similarly to a copy machine except it creates a
  file of the document in memory instead of a paper
  copy

p. 5.25 Fig. 5-34
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Scanners and Reading Devices

• How does a flatbed scanner work?

Step 1 The document to be copied is placed face
down on the glass window
Step 2 A bright light moves underneath the
scanned document
Step 3 An image of the document is reflected
into a series of mirrors
Step 1
Step 4 The light is converted to an analog
electrical current that is converted to a digital
signal by an analog-to-digital converter (ADC)
Step 5 The digital information is sent to memory
in the computer to be used by illustration,
desktop publishing, or other software or it is
stored on disk
Step 6 You can print the image, e-mail it,
include it in a document, or place it on a Web
page
p. 5.25 Fig. 5-33
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Scanners and Reading Devices

• What are various types of scanners?

Pen or handheld
Flatbed
Drum
Click to view Web Linkthen click Scanners
p. 5.26 Fig. 5-34
Sheet-fed
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Scanners and Reading Devices

• What is an optical reader?

• A device that uses a light source to read
  characters, marks and codes and then converts
  them into digital data that a computer can process

p. 5.27
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Scanners and Reading Devices

• What is a magnetic Ink character recognition
  reader (MICR)?

• Can read text printed with magnetized ink
• The banking industry almost exclusively uses MICR
  for check processing

p. 5.30 Fig. 5-41
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Scanners and Reading Devices

• What is wireless input?

• A handheld computer or device is used to collect
  data wirelessly at the location where the
  transaction or event takes place
• Later the data is transferred to a desktop
  computer through a docking station

p. 5.31 Fig. 5-42
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PUTTING IT ALL TOGETHER

• What type of input devices do users require?

p. 5.33 Fig. 5-46