8th Grade GPS

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8th Grade GPS

• Unit 2 - Vocabulary

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Additive Inverse

• The sum of a number and its additive inverse is
  zero. Also called the opposite of a number.
  Example 5 and -5 are additive inverses of each
  other.   

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1
2 3 4 5
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Exponent

• The number of times a base is used as a factor of
  repeated multiplication.

exponent
base
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Hypotenuse

• The side opposite to the right angle in a right
  triangle.

hypotenuse
right angle
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Leg

• Either of the two shorter sides of a right
  triangle. The two legs form the right angle of
  the triangle.

leg
leg
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Pythagorean Theorem

• A theorem that relates the lengths of the sides
  of a right triangle The sum of the squares of
  the lengths of the legs of a right triangle
  equals the square of the length of the hypotenuse.

c (hypotenuse)
b (leg)
a (leg)
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Radical

• A symbol that is used to indicate square
  roots.

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Square root

• One of two equal factors of a nonnegative number.
  Example   since .

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The square root of 9 is 3.
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The square of 3 is 9.
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Rational

• A number that can be written as the ratio of two
  integers with a nonzero denominator.

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Irrational

• A real number whose decimal form is
  non-terminating and non-repeating that cannot be
  written as the ratio of two integers.

The square root of any rational number that is
not a perfect square is an irrational number.
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Scientific Notation

• A representation of real numbers as the product
  of a number between 1 and 10 and a power of 10,
  used primarily for very large or very small
  numbers.

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Significant Digits

• A way of describing how precisely a number is
  written.

• Leading zeroes are never significant
• 0.1 1 significant digit
• Embedded zeroes are always significant
• 1001 4 significant digits
• Trailing zeroes are significant only if the
  decimal point is
  
  given
• 4.00 3 significant digits

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Significant Digits

• A way of describing how precisely a number is
  written.

1 significant digit
4 significant digits
3 significant digits