Systems Engineering: a Quality Perspective

1
Systems Engineeringa Quality Perspective

• By
• John S. Ohm
• Program Quality Manager

2
Overview

• What does Quality mean?
• Planning for Quality
• Quality Disciplines
• Six Sigma
• Quality Systems and ISO 9001

3
What does Quality mean?

• The definition of Quality is ?
• A subjective term for which each person has his
  or her own definition. In technical usage,
  quality can have two meanings 1. the
  characteristics of a product or service that bear
  on its ability to satisfy stated or implied
  needs. 2. a product or service free of
  deficiencies. (American Society for Quality)
• Who determines what quality is?
• Putting it in perspective
• Quality
• Cost
• Schedule
• Which is most important?

4
Planning for Quality

• Why plan?
• Provide a road map of where you want to go!
• Quality plan vs Test plan
• Quality plan procedure that describes how you
  will assure that what you intend to produce will
  meet the customers requirements (includes the
  processes, machines, methods, instructions, data
  collection, etc.).
• Test plan a procedure that contains the
  detailed steps that measures and compares the
  functionality of the product against its
  requirements.

5
Quality Disciplines

• Quality function
• the entire collection of activities through
  which we achieve fitness for use, no matter where
  these activities are performed. (Quality means
  fitness for use.)
• Consists of many elements
• Quality Control
• Quality Assurance
• Quality Engineering
• Suppler Quality

Juran, J.M. and Gryna, F.M. Quality Planning
and Analysis. 2nd Edition. New York
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Fitness for Use

• How education achieves fitness for use
• Supply a service education
• Start with raw material students
• Apply a process teaching
• Turn out finished product graduates (although
  some rejects)
• Raw material specifications minimum entrance
  requirements
• Incoming inspection entrance examinations
• Process specification curriculum, course
  outlines
• Process facilities faculty, laboratories,
  textbooks
• Process controls reports, recitations, quizzes
• Final product testing examinations

7
Six Sigma

• A method for continual process improvement
• Previously Quality circles, PDCA, TQM, cmi
• Six Sigma developed by Motorola
• Based on statistical principles (reducing
  variation)
• Utilizing trained personnel
• Motorola Raytheon
• Green belt Specialist
• Black belt Expert
• Master Black belt Master expert

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Six Sigma

• Variation in processes whats the big deal?
• 99.9 Quality should be good enough
• 20,000 lost pieces of mail by the Post Service
  every hour.
• Unsafe drinking water delivered to your home 15
  minutes per day.
• 466,750 annual takeoffs and landings of
  commercial airplanes in the US could end in
  tragedy.
• A safety feature on a power press that operates
  at 99 percent means that a worker averaging 200
  pieces an hour has 16 chances each work day to
  lose a hand or finger.
• 200,000 wrong drug prescriptions filled each
  year.
• No electricity delivered to your home for 7 hours
  during each month.

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Six Sigma

• Understanding variation
• Based on statistical concepts
• Normal Bell-shaped Gaussian curve
• Central Tendency
• Mean, median, mode
• Dispersion
• Standard deviation measured in sigma (s)
• 6 s 3.4 ppm (vs. 2 ppb)

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Quality Systems and ISO 9001

• Controlling Quality a Systems Approach
• ISO 90012000 Quality Management System
• Customer focus
• Leadership
• Involvement of people
• Process approach
• System approach to management
• Continual improvement
• Factual approach to decision making
• Mutually beneficial supplier relationships

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Quality Systems and ISO 9001

• Controlling Quality an historical view

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Summary

• Quality starts with you!
• The Customer determines quality
• Ask three questions
• Who are my customers?
• What are their needs?
• How do I know that Ive satisfied those needs?
• Have a plan plan the work, work the plan