FirmBased Training in P. R China

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Firm-Based Training in P. R China

• LIU Yufeng

Central Institute for Vocational Technical
Education, Ministry of Education, P. R China
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Outline

• 1.Quality of employed people in P. R China
• 2.Current situation of firm-based training
• 3.Important training programs
• 4.Problems and the way forward

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The background of firm based training in P.R China

• During the transition process, Chinese government
  put forward
• Two changes
• Economy system will change from plan system to
  market system
• Economy growth will be from extensive way to
  intensive way
• Objective of state-owned enterprises reform
• To establish modern enterprises system

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Average education years per person in 1982,1990,
and 2000
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Average education years per person in different
industries in 1982
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Average education years per person in different
industries in 1990
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Average education years per person in different
industries in 2000
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Average education years per person in different
industries
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The situation of skilled workers in China

• Quantity is not enough, and structure is not
  rational
• Total quality is not high, and the skill level is
  comparatively low
• The percentage of high skilled worker is only
  3.5, the structure of primary, middle, high
  skilled workers, technician, and advanced
  technician appear the structure of pyramid
• The age of high skilled workers is comparative
  high, there is a serious shortage of technician
  and advanced technician.
• The loss of skilled workers from state-owned
  enterprises is very serious.

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The impact of unqualified workers on production

• Only 70 products in China is up to
  standard,almost 200 billion RMB is lost every
  year due to unqualified products.

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Suggestions on bring the industries,
enterprises into full play into TVET

• Enterprisesall staff training, and whole process
  training
• Train employed staff in cities and towns 50
  million person-time every year at the end of the
  tenth-five plan
• Train laid-off for re-employed
• Lay down staff education and training program,
  establish and improve staff training system.
• 1.5 of total wages should be used for staff
  training, and for some enterprises which
  undertake heavy training task, and which require
  high skill for staff, this percentage could be up
  to 2.5.

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Firm Training Organization

• Training Center which is usually compose of
• Managing staff training institute
• Engineering staff training institute
• Technology school
• Advanced skilled worker training center
• Staff and workers school
• Skill authenticating center

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Goal of firm-based training

• for To provide service the development of firm
• to grasp the training direction
• to determine training focus
• to adjust training contents,
• and finally to provide qualified personnel for
  the development of firm.
• To improve the career development of staff

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Firm demand analysis

• Demand analysis
• The combination of up-bottom and bottom-up method
• Bottom-up method
• Job analysis(ISO10015)

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Training Contents

• Morality
• Modern management knowledge and method
• Vocational specialized knowledge
• General culture and specialized basis
  knowledge(Suggestions on strengthening training
  to improve the quality of staff during the
  seventh five plan, 1986)

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Classification of training contents

• Workers
• skill
• Multi-skill
• Vocational qualification certificate
• Technician

• Management staff
• Establish modern enterprise
• WTO basic rules
• Industry and commerce management
• adaptability short time training

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training program to foster high skill workers

• In September in 2002, MOLSS begin to implement
  National training program to foster high skill
  workers. The objective of this program is aim
  at the urgent demand of enterprise production,
  take practical and effective measures to foster
  skilled workers, especially high skilled workers.
  Strive to increase obviously the number and
  percentage of skilled workers and high skilled
  workers after 3 to 5 years.

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Re-employment and open ones own business
training program

• From 1998 to 2000, launched the first stage of
  Three year 10 million retraining program for
  employment. It provided vocational guidance and
  skill training for 13 million laid-off , the
  re-employment rate was up to 60 after training.
• From 2001 to 2003, launched the second stage of
  Three year 10 million retraining program for
  employment. In 2002, provided training for 5.18
  million laid-off , and re-employment rate was
  63provided open ones own business training for
  0.31 million people, among them 0.18 million
  self-employed or opened his/her business.

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Training in Haier Cooperation

• Human being based training
• Combine training with qualification of working
• Individualized training according to individual
  career design
• Training principles
• train what need, fill up what lack, train urgent
  content first, and set up a pole and see its
  shadow.
• Training forms
• On-site,case, and interaction.

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First Automobile Corp.
????

• Regard training as one of priorities
• Work out HR development program and year plan
• Merged former 4 VET institutes into training
  center
• Increase investment in training from 1.5 to 2.4
  of total staff wages
• Training for all operating workers, skill
  management staff and administrative staff
• Ascend a height plan
• Open green way to distinguished persons
• Train multi-skilled workers electrician and
  fitter.

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Some experiences of firm-based training (one)

• Attach importance to staff training (key
  qualifications/competences, multi-skills,
  technology development and innovation,
  competitiveness, security, etc)
• Increase investment in training (6-7, 4, 2 of
  total staff salary, etc)
• Establish training stimulating system, and make
  it complete
• Integrate staff training with skill appraisal
• No license, no job system
• higher lever, higher position,higher salary
  system

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Some experiences of firm-based training (Two)

• Establish training basis with excellent training
  equipments
• Demand analysis of training contents development
  method
• Training and examination done by different
  persons
• Cooperative training with outside educational or
  training institutes, with foreign countries
• Attach importance to core competency training,
  multi-skills training
• Etc.

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Challenges and opportunities faced by firm-based
training

• Globalization
• WTO
• Shorter scientific and technological renovation
  circle
• Production style change from extensive to
  intensive
• No certificates, no job system

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Problems of firm-based training

• Lack of comprehensive plan of training for firm
  staff.
• The investment in firm staff training is not
  enough, and input-output ratio is not high.
• There is a big contradiction between work and
  training, the backbone of production can not meet
  the requirement for skill innovation.
• Teacher/trainer can not meet the training demand.
• The stimulating system, restraining system, and
  evaluating system have not been established.

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Train of thought for the development of
firm-based training(one)

• To establish firm-based training system and make
  it perfect gradually.
• to establish vocational qualification
  certificates system for industry and commerce
  management
• to improve Train in Rotation System
• to improve evaluation system of training quality

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Train of thought for the development of
firm-based training(two)

• To strengthen the development of training bases,
  teacher/trainer contingent, and
  teaching/training materials
• Introduce modern training methods
• To increase the investment in training
• Industrialization and market-oriented.
• To establish a training system for small and
  middle sized enterprise.

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Thanks