Flash Point-Ignition Point

1
Flash Point-Ignition Point

• What?
• At Work Or At Home

2
Everyday We Use Chemicals Whether At Work Or In
The Home

• Proper Storage Understanding How Dangerous
  Chemicals Can Become If Subjected To Heat Is
  Using Just Using Good Safety Common Sense.

3
Flammable Liquids
Properties of Flammable Liquids

• The vapor of a flammable liquid ignites and
  causes fire or explosion not the liquid itself.
• The flammability of a liquid depends on its
  physical properties
• Vapor Pressure
• Flash Point
• Limits of Flammability
• Vapor Density

4
Flammable Liquids
Vapor Pressure

• Vapor pressure is a measure of how fast a liquid
  evaporates.
• The higher the vapor pressure the more rapidly
  the liquid will evaporate.
• Vapor pressure goes up and down with the
  temperature of the liquid.
• Hydraulic Systems uses oil under pressure to
  harness the usefulness of chemicals. When System
  are compromised, hazardous conditions can be
  magnified.

5
What is Flash Point?

• Flash point is the lowest temperature at which a
  liquid can form an ignitable mixture in air near
  the surface of the liquid.
• The lower the flash point, the easier it is to
  ignite the material. For example, gasoline has a
  flash point of -40 degrees C (-40 F) and is more
  flammable than ethylene glycol (antifreeze) which
  has a flash point of 111 degrees C (232 F).

6
What Is Ignition Point

• Ignition point
• The minimum temperature at which a substance will
  continue to burn without additional application
  of external heat. Also called kindling point.

7
Flammable Liquids
Limits of Flammability

• The limits of flammability is the range that a
  mixture of air and vapor is flammable.
• Mixtures can be too lean (not enough vapor) or
  too rich (too much vapor) to ignite and burn.

8
Flammable Liquids
Flammable Limits Example
LEL lower explosive limit UEL upper
explosive limit
9
Flammable Liquids
Lower Explosive Limit LEL
In most work situations, the lower explosive
limit (LEL) is the main concern.
Vapors from flammable liquids can be found in the
workplace, but are often too diluted to catch
fire or explode.
However, these vapors can quickly go above the
LEL in small room or confined space like a tank.
10
Flammable Liquids
Vapor Density

• Vapor density is a measure of how heavy a
  vapor is compared to air.
• Vapors with a density greater than 1.0 are
  heavier than air and can collect near the floor,
  and flow like a liquid.
• This may create a fire/explosion hazard if the
  vapor flows to an ignition source.

11
Boiling Point Definition

• Boiling point is the temperature at which a
  liquid changes to a gas (vapor) at normal
  atmospheric pressure. A more specific definition
  of boiling point is the temperature at which the
  vapor pressure of a liquid is equal to the
  external pressure.

12
Example of Boiling Point

• Water freezes at 32 F.
• Turns to liquid at above 32 F.
• Boils changes to Gas at 212 F.
• Expands 17,000 times it normal size when heated.

13
Boiling Point

• MSDS relevance
• Knowing the boiling point of a substance is an
  important consideration for storage. For example,
  storing a chemical with a boiling point of 50 C
  (122 F) in direct sunlight or next to a boiler
  could cause the material to completely vaporize
  and/or result in a fire or explosion.
• Items with a low boiling point generally have a
  high vapor pressure. Containers of such material
  can build up significant pressure even when they
  are below their boiling point. Likewise,
  low-boiling materials easily produce large
  amounts of vapor which can be flammable or even
  explosive.

14
When Condition Are Just RightAccidents Result

• A spectacular example of the consequences of
  introducing a spark to a flammable limit
  atmosphere occurred in Newcastle in September of
  2003. A pipe fitter left an acetylene cylinder
  inside his vehicle over the weekend. Either the
  cylinder had a small leak or the valve was not
  fully closed. The flammable limits for acetylene
  are extremely broad, 2.5 to 100 in air.
• Flashpoint is 0 F/-18C. Boiling point is
  -119F/-84C.
• When the worker opened the door, an undetermined
  spark source (the door light switch, light bulb,
  cellular phone, static etc.) Ignited the mixture
  with catastrophic results
• In the close-up view notice how the roof/door
  pillars are bent completely sideways. It is
  amazing that the worker's injuries were confined
  to his face and ear drums.

15
(No Transcript)
16
(No Transcript)
17
What Makes Flash Ignitions PointsDangerous.
The Fire Triangle

• Any combustible material such as solid, liquid,
  or gas. Most solids and liquids must vaporize
  before they will burn.
• Sufficient oxygen must be present in the
  atmosphere surrounding the fuel for fire to burn.

18
Flash Ignition Points

• Sufficient heat energy must be
• applied to raise the fuel to its
• ignition temperature.
• Open flame Hot surfaces
• Sparks and arcs Friction

This reaction can occur when all three of the
above elements are present in the
proper conditions proportions.
19
Extinguishment Theory

• Remove Heat
• Remove Fuel
• Reduce Oxygen
• WILL
• Inhibit Chemical
• Chain Reaction

20
Proactive Fire SafetyFire Risk Analysis

• How do we identify potential fire risk?

The Fire Triangle
21
Proactive Fire SafetyFire Risk Analysis Cont.

• Identify the fuel source eliminate it if
  possible.
• Identify the heat source and eliminate it if
  possible.
• Terminate behaviors that lead to hazardous
  conditions replace with appropriate behaviors
  conducive to good fire safety.
• Storing flammable and combustible in appropriate
  areas.
• On equipment, in fire cabinets, in work areas.

22
Identifying Fire Hazards In Your Work Area

• What chemical are present in your work area? What
  are there flash points?
• In stationary equipment areas
• On mobile equipment
• At shops
• What heat source are present?
• Thermal (heat)
• Electrical
• Radiant

23
Do You Know Your Flashpoints?

• The following is a list of chemicals used on this
  site, some of these you may even use at home.
• Do you know how they are stored?
• At work?
• At home?
• See if you know which chemical is which.

24
Try Match Flashpoints With The Chemical

• 247f/119c
• 145f/78c
• 160f
• 320f/160c
• 356f/180c
• lt-49f/lt-45c
• 0f/-18c
• -101f/-75.9c
• None
• -156f/-104c
• -43.7f/-42c
• 79f
• 73f/23c
• 175f

• Acetylene
• Gasoline
• Diesel Fuel
• Hydraulic 40-wt oil
• Propane
• Butane
• Citrol
• CRC Contact Cleaner
• Form Oil
• Averoe Tree Paint
• Ethylene Glycol (Antifreeze)
• Carburetor Cleaner
• Form Oil
• CRC Power lube

25
Did You Choose Right

• 247f/119c------Antifreeze/Eythlene glycol
• 145f/78c--------

26
Answer

• 160f------Diesel Fuel-IP 500f
• 320f/160c-----Form Oil
• 356f/180c-----40-wt Hydraulic Oil
• lt-49f/lt-45c----Unleaded Gasoline

27
Answer

• 0f/-18c----Acetylene Gas-BP -119f
• -101f/-75.9c-Butane, AutoIP 778f
• None------

28
Answer

• -156f/-104c--Propane-Auto IP 842f
• -43.7f/-42c----
• 79fCarburetor Cleaner-BP 110F

29
Answer

• 73f/23c-------------
• 175f----

30
In Conclusion

• Any situation that can lead to a fire underground
  is not good.
• Lets all do our part to make sure our work areas
  are accident free fire safe.
• Created By Pat Gazewood