Inside Earth: Chapter 3 Volcanoes

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Inside Earth Chapter 3- Volcanoes

• Section 3 Volcanic Landforms

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Guide For Reading

• What landforms does lava create on Earths
  surface?
• How does magma that hardens beneath the surface
  create landforms?

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Landforms From Lava Ash
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Shield Volcano

• A wide, gently-sloping mountain made of layers of
  lava and formed by quiet eruptions
• Example The Hawaiian Islands

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Cinder Cone

• A steep, cone-shaped hill or mountain made of
  volcanic ash, cinders, and bombs piled of around
  a volcanos opening
• Example Sunset crater in Arizona

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Composite Volcano

• A tall, cone-shaped mountain in which layers of
  lava alternate with layers of ash and other
  volcanic materials
• Example Mount St. Helens in Washington and Mount
  Fuji in Japan

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Caldera

• The large hole at the top of a volcano formed
  when the volcanos magma chamber collapses

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Figure 11 Developing hypotheses Develop a
hypothesis to explain the formation of Wizard
Island, the small island in Crater Lake?

• Wizard Island might be magma that hardened in the
  volcanos pipe

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Checkpoint (page 104)What are the three types of
volcanic mountains?

• The three types of volcanic mountains are
• Shield volcanoes
• Cinder cone volcanoes
• Composite volcanoes

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Guide For Reading What landforms does lava
create on Earths surface? Explain how each
landform is formed.

• Shield volcanoes
• Lava pours out of the volcanos vent and hardens
  creating new layers of rock
• Cinder cone volcanoes
• Ash, cinders, and bombs pile up around the
  volcano vent in a cone-shaped pile
• Composite volcanoes
• Quiet eruptions (lava flow) alternate with
  explosive eruptions (ash, cinders, and bombs)
  creating a tall cone-shaped mountain
• Lava plateaus
• Lava fills the cracks in Earth creating higher
  elevated, flat land

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Soil From Lava Ash
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Checkpoint (page 106)How does volcanic soil
form?

• Over time the hardened lava, ash and cinders
  break down and form soil
• This soil can develop into the richest soil in
  the world
• The soil releases potassium, phosphorus and other
  nutrients needed to produce plants

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Landforms From Magma
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Volcanic Neck

• A deposit of hardened magma in a volcanos pipe
• Looks like a giant tooth stuck in the ground

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Dike

• A slab of volcanic rock formed when magma hardens
  in a vertical crack

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Sill

• A slab of volcanic rock formed when magma hardens
  in a horizontal crack

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Figure 12 Compare and Contrast What is the
difference between a dike and a sill?

• Both a dike and a sill form when magma hardens in
  a crack
• A dike forms when magma hardens into a vertical
  crack
• A sill forms when magma hardens into a horizontal
  crack

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Batholith

• A mass of rock formed when a large body of magma
  cooled inside the crust

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Guide For Reading How does magma that hardens
beneath the surface create landforms?

• Volcanic necks
• Magma hardens inside the volcanos pipe and the
  softer layer around the pipe wears away
• Dikes
• Magma forces its way into vertical cracks in the
  crust and hardens
• Sill
• Magma squeezes between horizontal layers of rock
  and hardens