Global Warming

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Global Warming Australia
Greenhouse Emissions

• Australia highest per capita in world
• Aust 27 tonnes CO2-e
• USA 24
• Canada 23
• OECD 11

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Global Warming Australia
Greenhouse Emissions

• Buildings 36
• Residential 19
• Commercial 14
• Construction 3
• Manufacturing 34
• Transport 24
• Primary Industry 6
• Source Greenhouse Inventory GWAES (2002)

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Global Warming Australia
Commercial Buildings

• Emissions contribution
• HVAC 56
• Cooling 22
• Air handling 19
• Heating 15
• Lighting 23
• General 21

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Household Energy
Greenhouse Emissions

• Embodied Energy
• Building Performance design
• Appliances Star rating
• www.energyrating.gov.au
• Behaviour

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Household Energy
Greenhouse Emissions

• Appliances 42
• Water Heating 27
• Heating Cooling 18
• Lighting 8
• Cooking 5

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Household Energy
Personal Responsibility

• Buying high efficiency
• Working with the house
• Phantom loads
• Reducing demand
• Green Power
• Solar Hot Water
• Solar Power

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Solar Hot Water
Types of System

• Heat pump
• Evacuated tube
• Thermosyphon
• Split system
• Savings of 3-4 tonnes CO2 emissions

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Solar Hot Water
Rebates

• State Govt Rebate
• 700 for electric replacement
• RECs
• Deemed output for 10 years
• Varies with market model
• Currently 890 for split system

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Grid Connect Solar Power
Technologies

• Monocrystalline
• Polycrystalline
• Sliver
• Amorphous
• Thin film crystalline

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Solar Modules
I-V Power Curves
Polycrystalline
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Solar Modules
Effect of Temperature
Temp coefficients Polycrystalline
Amorphous Isc 0.065/oC 0.14/oC Voc
-80mV/oC -36mV/oC P -0.5/oC -0.2/oC Standard
ratings at 25 oC Normal Op Cell Temp
(NOCT) 47oC Ambient 20oC Sun 0.8kW/m2 Wind 1
m/s
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Australian Standards
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Grid Connected Solar
Homeowner Benefits

• 8000 rebate available
• Reduce power bills
• Reduce peak loads on grid
• Double credit for solar power generated
• Protect from electricity rate rises
• Rebate for RECs
• Save 2-4 tonnes CO2 emissions

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Grid Connected Solar
How does it work?
Your utility bill will show a credit for the
power exported

• Generating green electricity on your roof offsets
  the draw from the mains power grid

• If the building uses more power than the solar
  is generating, the grid automatically supplies
  the rest

• Any excess power not used is exported back into
  the grid

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Grid Connected Solar
Environmental Benefits

• Reduce Global Warming
• Conserve Fossil Fuels
• Pollution free energy
• Prevent 2-3 tonnes of CO2 per year from entering
  the atmosphere

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Solar Power
Rebates

• PVRP
• 8,000 for 1kW
• RECs
• Deemed output for 15 years
• Varies with market kW rating
• Solar Buy-back Tarrif
• Net Billing -gt Double Buy-back (44c/kWh)

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Stand Alone Systems

• Free, clean electricity anywhere
• 24 hour power
• High reliability of supply

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Stand Alone Systems
Rebates

• Remote Renewable Power Generation Program (RRPGP)
• Renewable Energy Certificates (RECs)

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Solar Power
Solar Cities

• Integration of -
• Solar power
• Energy efficiency
• Smart metering
• Cost-reflective pricing
• Analyse economic environmental impact
• Analyse impact on electricity infrastructure

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Solar Power
Solar Cities

• 5 year program
• Origin, BP Solar, Big Switch
• Discrete local government areas
• Lochiel Park
• Iconic sites in Adelaide

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Sustainable Energy
Green Power

• Drives development of new infrastructure
• Accredited vs non-accredited
• Hydro power
• Wind farms
• Biomass
• Landfill gas
• Solar power

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Sustainable Energy
Emissions Targets

• Setting Targets - 20 by 2020
• 60 by 2050
• Requires carbon trading for efficiency
• Very small increase in prices
• Drives wind farm development
• Drives development of new solar technologies

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State Library SA
Commercial Grid Connect
Location Kintore Avenue, Adelaide Supplier
Solaris Technology Pty Ltd Installation July
2005
PV system power 18.5 KW, Array 116 x 160W
Suntech solar modules Monocrystalline silicon
Angle frame 30 Inverters 2 Fronuis IG40 and 2
Fronius IG60 Monitoring Fronius IG Access
datalogging of PV power, ambient
temperature solar module temperature.
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Coorong Wilderness Lodge
Commercial Grid Connect
Location Meningie SA Supplier Solaris
Technology Pty Ltd Installation March 2003
PV Array power 2.25 kW Wind Westwind
5kW Battery 40kWh Inverter 10kW Power
Solutions SGB10-120 Features Grid connect
renewables Mains Augmentation Mains fail backup
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Agile Wireless Broadband
Commercial Stand-Alone
Location Meningie SA Supplier Solaris
Technology Pty Ltd Installation July 2006
PV Array power 0.6 kW Battery Storage 8
kWh
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Solar Cathodic Protection
Commercial Stand-Alone
Location NW NSW Moomba - Sydney Gas Pipeline
Supplier Solaris Technology Pty Ltd
Installation July 2006
PV Array power 4.2 kW Battery Storage 48
kWh
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Solar Grid Battery
Residential Grid Connect
Location Adelaide Supplier Solaris Technology
Pty Ltd Installation July 2006
Grid Connect Renewables Mains fail backup
Solar recharge of batteries PV Array power
2 kW Inverter 4.5 kW Battery Storage 5
kWh