Taxonomy

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Taxonomy
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Prokaryotes
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Prokaryotes

• Microscopic
• No membrane bound nucleus or organelles
• Single-celled organisms that can be colonial
• Contains two domains Bacteria and Archaea
• Can be found in most areas of the world even in
  Antarctica

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Archaebacteria

• Prokaryotes
• Always unicellular
• Found in extreme environments such as hot boiling
  water and thermal vents
• Have several different cellular chemistries from
  eubacteria

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Eubacteria

• Prokaryotes (no nucleus)
•  Always unicellular (single-celled)
• Bacteria
• May have plant, fungus, or animal
  characteristics.
• Different make up than archaebacteria

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Eukaryotes
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Eukaryotes

• Can be divided into four types of organisms
  Protists, Fungi, Animals, and Plants
• Protista- contains several kingdoms that are
  very diverse
• Most are multicellular
• Can be heterotrophs, or autotrophs, free-living
  or parasitic
• Can be freshwater or marine
• Vast morphology of forms

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Protista

• Protista- contains several kingdoms that are
  very diverse
• Most are unicellular
• Can be heterotrophs, or autotrophs, free-living
  or parasitic
• Can be freshwater or marine
• Vast morphology of forms

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Protista
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Protists

• Diverse group of mostly unicellular organisms
• Algae- protists that synthesize their own food
• Protozoa- eat bacteria and other protists
• Can be multicellular
• Most are aerobic, but some are anaerobic
• First ones arose from prokaryotes, and gave rise
  to all plants, fungi, and animals as well as to
  all modern protists

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Protozoa

• Protists that live primarily by digesting food
• Eat bacteria and other protists
• Flagellates
• Giardia- parasitic intestinal flagellate
• Free- living
• Amoeba- free-living, moves and eats by way of a
  pseudopodium

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Protozoa

• Apicomplexans-
• Parasitic, organelles specialized for invading
  hosts
• Plasmodium malaria
• Ciliates-
• Use cilia to move and feed, usually free-living
• Paramecium

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Cellular Slime Molds

• Slime molds are protists that may constitute a
  distinct kingdom
• Can exist in both unicellular and multicellular
  forms

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Plasmodial Slime Mold

• Unicellular
• Has many nuclei in one very large plasma membrane
• Can be differentiated into reproductive structure
  as well

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Chromista

• Photosynthetic protists
• May be treated as a separate kingdom or included
  among the Protista
• Algae whose chloroplasts contain chlorophylls a
  and c, as well as various colorless forms that
  are closely related to them
• Algae, diatoms and seaweed

www-biol.paisley.ac.uk/ biomedia/gallery/cerat.htm

www.pac.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/.../ Biotoxins/PSP_e.htm
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Algae

• Diatoms
• Unicellular
• Silica cell wall, two halves
• Green Algae
• Unicellular algae
• Cell walls
• Can form colonies
• Can have flagella

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Seaweed

• Multicellular marine algae
• Lack the structural specializations of plants
• Brown algae
• Related to diatoms
• Red algae
• May be classified in a different kingdom
• Green algae
• Has a sequence of life cycles

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Plantae

• Multicellular
• Autotrophs
• Flowering plants, ferns, and mosses
• Second largest kingdom
• Plant species range from the tiny green mosses to
  giant trees.

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Fungi

• Eukaryotes
• Almost all multicellular
• Must obtain complex food molecules from external
  source, absorbed through external surface
• Almost never capable of movement.

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Animalia

• Largest kingdom with over 1 million known species
• Multicellular
• obtain complex food molecules from external
  source, broken down and absorbed internally
• Usually capable of movement.