Ebola River Hemorrhagic Fever

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Ebola River Hemorrhagic Fever
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Glamour disease of the1990s
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Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever Virus
Filoviridae, cell wall RNA
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Ebola electron-micrographin human skin tissue
evolutionary relationships of Ebola Marburg
viruses
Family Filoviridae
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Extreme biological hazards
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Ebola Outbreak History


2005 Angola Marburg
257 235 92
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Liver tissue, 138 after Ebola infection
Ebola infected cell
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Liver tissue, 847 gt Ebola infection
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Ebola Case Fatalities 60-80
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Ebola outbreak locations
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Possible Ebola Transmission(s)no usual suspects!
It is unknown where the virus dwells
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Community Epidemic Scenario

• Secondary transmission within species.
• Reciprocal transmission between species.

APES/HUMANS
INTERMEDIATE HOST
RESERVOIR
Peter Walsh et al. Nature (2003)
Just because a species tests positive for virus
or antibodies does not mean that it is a link in
the chain of transmission to apes.
Cul de Sac Hosts
Cul de Sac HOST--HUMANS?
APES
RESERVOIR
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All Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever Outbreaks have
occurred in African Tropical Forests
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Some Ebola outbreaks have occurred in African
gallery tropical forest within a savanna matrix
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Global NDVI data sources 1981 ---gt 2011
NOAA-16
NPP
NOAA-17
NOAA9
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Hypothesis very extreme antecedent dry season
followed by strong rainy season
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the hottest zone ??
These outbreaks dont conform--travel caused?
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Trigger event summary
1991?
Threshold?
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Ebola River Hemorrhagic Fever
???