Intermodality and passenger air transport

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Intermodality and passenger air transport

• By Isabelle laplace (M3 Systems), Nathalie Lenoir
  (ENAC-AEEL), Antonio Valadares (ANA), Isabel
  Rebelo (ANA), Francisco Pita (ANA)
• COST 340 Conference, Paris, 14 June 2005

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Presentation logic

• Context
• What is airport intermodality?
• Why and how studying intermodality?
• Building scenarios
• Assumptions
• Methodology
• Results
• Applications to France and Portugal
• Concluding remarks and further work

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1 - Context
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What is airport intermodality?

• Intermodality means
• use of several transport modes in one trip
• coordination of transport modes
• Two types of airport intermodality
• access to the city centre
• Integration in regional or national networks of
  other transport modes
• Focus on passenger intermodality
• Main traffic at airports

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Why intermodality?

• Strong air traffic growth forecasted for the
  years to come means
• Airport congestion problems
• Negative effects on the environment
• One possible solution
• Develop intermodal transport
• Solution favoured by European Commission
• 2001 white paper on transport

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Key questions on Intermodality

• What development today ?
• Infrastructure and agreements
• What are the perspectives ?
• Which development in the airport of the future ?
• Which impact on airport catchment area
• Which impacts on future air traffic flows?
• Which impact on competition and social welfare

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Proposed analysis

• Analyse how airport intermodality could evolve in
  the future
• Difficulties
• Intermodality is complex and influenced by many
  different factors
• It is difficult to derive quantitative information

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Proposed solution

• Perform a qualitative analysis showing the
  factors complex relationships
• Use this analysis to build scenarios
• Not a tool to be used for forecasting but a tool
  to assess the sensitivity of intermodality
  development to its environment
• For each scenario, impact on intermodality
  development at airports
• Extreme cases have to be studied !

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2 Building scenarios
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Scenarios assumptions
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Scenarios methodology
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Qualitative Results
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2 Applications to France and Portugal
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Current and future infrastructure in France

• Current intermodal infrastructure
• Two airports connected to High Speed Train (HST)
  Paris CDG, Lyon Saint Exupery airport
• Two existing rail access RER B at Paris CDG,
  Orlyval at Paris Orly
• Future possible intermodal infrastructure
• Airport access CDG Express, LESLYS
• High Speed train rail links to airports TGV Est,
  TGV ouest, TGV Toulouse-Bordeaux, TGV
  Interconnection station at Orly, TGV Rhin-Rhone,
  TGV PACA, Freight express TGV

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Intermodality in France today...

• Despite intermodal infrastructure, few intermodal
  agreements today
• TGV Air
• Agreement with Thalys International
• Still fewer (short haul) air routes abandonned
  due to intermodal agreements or competition
• Only the Brussels-Paris route

Similar situation for core European countries
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... And tomorrow

• New intermodal infrastructures may not be
  sufficient for developing airport intermodality
• Depends on what interest transport operators find
  in signing agreements
• Incentives will depend on
• Airport congestion level
• Competition between and inside transport modes
• Environmental concerns
• Transport policies at European/national level

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Current and future infrastructure in Portugal

• Current infrastructure
• 3 main airports Lisbon, Porto, Faro
• Old rail infrastructure not connected with
  airports
• Planned future infrastructure development
• HST Porto airport-Vigo
• HST Lisbon airport-Porto airport
• HST Lisbon-Madrid
• New Lisbon airport

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For the future in Portugal First,
infrastructure

• As a base for intermodal development intermodal
  infrastructure has to be built
• This will most probably happen whatever the
  economic scenarios considered in the study
• Priority projects for economic development

Similar situation for eastern european countries
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... Then intermodality

• Intermodality level will depend on market
  conditions
• For very short haul domestic connections
  (Lisbon-Porto) abandon of air routes and
  intermodal agreements for feeding airports
• Higher if high level of congestion at airports
• Competition between air and rail on short haul
  connections (between Portugal and Spain)
• With or without intermodality

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Concluding remarks
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Results and perspectives on intermodality

• Studying Intermodality implies to understand the
  complex relationships between numerous factors
• In this study we have developped a methodology to
  derive a qualitative analysis of intermodality
  development
• The result of this analysis shows that future
  developments of airport intermodality will depend
  on
• Intermodal infrastructure,
• But also market conditions, capacity
  constraints, political decisions

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Future directions

• Two lines of research
• Quantitative assessment of intermodality
• quantitative indicators of airport intermodality
  (airport benchmarking)
• How to promote intermodality development
• By identifying actors expectations and incentives
• By studying instruments making it possible to get
  adequate incentives

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THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

• ANY QUESTIONS?