Not By Bread Alone

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Not By Bread Alone

• Relationship between Consumption,
  Advertisements, and Taxation as documented by the
  University of Illinois, Chicago

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Introduction

• There are strong feelings that bans on tobacco
  advertising will decrease consumption by youth
  and adults
• However, many studies on the effects of these
  bans show very little of the possibility
• Additional programs and actions along with bans
  would prove more effective, such as tax and price
  increases. There is little evidence that
  prohibiting policies have any affect on youth

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Focuses

• Stakeholders
• Public policy Background
• The Issue defined
• Monitor Development

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I. Stakeholders

• Who are the stakeholders?
• What is their position on the issue?
• What resources do they have?
• What role in getting government action?
• What success in influencing policy?

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Who are the stakeholders?

• Health and Public Awareness organizations
• Parents wanting to protect their children
• Youth use or more apt to start because of
  environmental and parental influences.
• University of Chicago faculty and students
• Those looking to improve and change public
  policy for the betterment of everyone

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What is Their Position on the Issue?

• Higher taxes aiding bans will have more effects
  on lower consumption than by bans alone
• An estimated 10 rise in taxes would lower
  consumption
• Half of impact of prices increases is on smoking
  prevalence
• An estimated 10 price raise would the
  probability of quitting among youth by 3

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What Resources Do They Have?

• UIC is funded by the Centers for Disease Control
  and Prevention
• The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation
• The National Cancer Institute
• Was unable to find exact budgets for research
  endeavors.

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What Role in Getting Government Action?

• UIC and other such health and policy related
  organizations, such as the Fraser Institute in
  Canada, get government action by
• publishing their findings to inform the general
  public, fellow colleagues and legislatures.
• Provide sound arguments against well prepared
  tobacco lobbyists

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What Success in influencing policy?

• Information provided from researchers, such as
  that of the UIC, is presented in
• Scientific Publications such as The Journal of
  American Medicine
• News releases such as the Chicago Tribune
• Sending publications to interested, concerned or
  sympathetic legislative officials

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II. The Public Policy Background

• What is the central question
• How did the issue emerge?
• What quantitative trends provide light

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What is the Central Question?

• What is the most effective way to accomplish a
  sizable decrease in the consumption of tobacco?

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How did the Issue Emerge?

• Emergence of the increased consumption of
  tobacco by youth took affect around the 1960s
  when the public was just starting to become fully
  aware of its harmful effects.
• Also changes in the acceptance of tobacco use
  prompted change and increase awareness of the
  issue

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What Quantitative Trends Provide Light?

• In countries where comprehensive legislation,
  where bans and increases in tax and price where
  enforced, a 6 decrease in consumption was
  experienced in adults and a 3 reduction in youth
  consumption.
• Those countries where only total ban and no
  significant rise in taxation or price, or the
  minimal enforcement of policy, resulted in only a
  2-4 drop in consumption
• Indicating that comprehensive policies can be
  more effective
• Local government ordinances have a greater affect
  than those imposed nationally. This is because
  flexibility with policy is greater, therefore
  they are better equipped change policy so it can
  best be utilized.
• Studies by the UIC show that more US states are
  seeing this trend and have started to enforce and
  implement comprehensive measures to lower the
  consumption in their state.

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III. The Issue Defined

• What is the issue?
• For whom, how, and why is this a problem?
• What makes this a public policy issue?
• What is the chronology of issue?

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What is the Issue?

• Policy must be comprehensive if there is going to
  be any change in the prevalence of tobacco use
  both by long term smokers, youth and adult, and
  those targeted as the new starter set.

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For Whom, How, and Why is This a Problem

• This is a problem for National Government
  because, with current policies, tobacco companies
  will always find was of getting around them.
• It is also problematic because of the
  impairments at local and national levels of
  government that restrict how policies are made
  and implemented. However local governments are
  better suited in finding ways that work best for
  their area.
• Also intelligent policy making has been difficult
  to formulate because there is more that just one
  factor that must be addressed.
• For researchers, the problem they face is time
  how to go about finding solid evidence that
  clearly shows what correlates with the
  prevalence's of tobacco consumption and how to
  interpret those results.
• Tobacco industry, in some ways, do not see bans,
  in itself as a threat, because they have devised
  more unobtrusive ways of advertising, such as ads
  in popular literature.

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What Makes This a Public Policy Issue?

• This is a public policy issue because it affects
  everyone, the general public an the industry
• It affects what is socially acceptable and
  tolerated
• It affects the overall well being of both
  environment and biological process of people.
• The issue implies that the way advertising is
  done should be questioned, especially on
  restricted products.

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What is the Chronology of the Issue?

• Early 1960s first bans of advertising in cinemas
  to deter any further influence of tobacco on
  children
• Through out the seventies more bans were
  implemented in the restriction of smoking in
  establishments and such institutions such as
  schools where children would be exposed.
  Mandating that age verification procedures be
  enforced.
• By the late eights, 1985, total bans were placed
  on television, and radio advertising. Also around
  this time the elimination of Cartoons as modes of
  advertising.
• By the end of the eighties and into the nineties
  more bans regulating the advertising in point
  source establishments, namely those stores most
  frequented by youth, where advertisements could
  readily be seen, where limited in size and number
  because of the Multi State Agreement passed in
  the late nineties

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IV. Monitor Development

• What two trends best show the future?

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Trend one

• Studies show that preemptions of stronger local
  tobacco control ordinances reduce the consumption
  of tobacco by youth.
• This is mainly because local governments are
  closer to the issues concerning its citizens
  and their youth.
• They are more flexible in dealing with what and
  how policies will work for them.

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Trend Two

• Increases in implementing comprehensive laws,
  where multiple restrictions are imposed and
  strictly enforced, have the greater impacts on
  reducing youth consumption.

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Summary

• The need for more stringent laws on the
  regulation of tobacco advertising is evident, but
  by itself ineffective.
• Earlier policies have been aimed at the
  advertisements in public places and the
  prohibiting of youth access. Only now do we
  realize that that is only part of the solution
• A more comprehensive types of policies have been
  shown to have greater impacts on the consumption
  of tobacco by both adults and youth.
• Increases in price and tax, enforced along with
  bans, fair better than total bans on
  advertising.
• Changes in how we perceive tobacco is one good
  step in regulating and forming policy.
• Ultimately, In the end it will be left to the
  local government and its citizens to decide what
  works and how policy should be enforced.