State of New Jersey

1
State of New Jersey

• Statewide Emergency
• Wireless 9-1-1 Telephone System
• Created by
• Office Of Emergency Telecommunications

2
Wireless Providers inNew Jersey

• Verizon Wireless
• Cellular One (Previously COMCAST)
• ATT Wireless
• Voice Stream Wireless (Omnipoint)
• Sprint
• NEXTEL
• Sussex Cellular

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Types of Wireless Service

• Cellular Phone Service, A B

• A side carrier, non wireline
• Cellular One
• ATT Wireless (cellular)
• Sussex Cellular
• B side carrier, wireline
• Verizon Wireless

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Types of Wireless Service

• Personal Communications Service

• Also referred to as PCS and include the following
  providers
• Sprint
• Voice Stream Wireless
• ATT Wireless (PCS)

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Types of Wireless Service

• Special Mobile Radio Service

• Also referred to as SMRS and include the
  following provider
• NEXTEL

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FCC Requirements

• The FCC has placed the following requirements on
  wireless service providers

• Must forward all 9-1-1 calls without validation
  process
• No charge for 9-1-1 calls

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What this means to 9-1-1

• Any wireless phone can dial 9-1-1
• Phones with expired service contracts can dial
  9-1-1 and cant be called back
• Stolen phones can dial 9-1-1, and, during
  investigation will indicate original owner
• Phones out of the box can access 9-1-1 with no
  number to call back

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Whats ahead for 9-1-1?
In 1996 the FCC adopted new rules for wireless
service providers to enhance public safety

• Phase I, carriers must be able to
• Transmit cell site location and call back number
  to PSAP
• Must be done by April 1, 1998
• Phase II, carriers must be able to
• Report the callers location within about 400 ft.
• Must be completed by October 1, 2001

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Phase I in New Jersey
To date Voice Stream Wireless is the only carrier
to begin Phase I compliance

• Voice Stream 9-1-1 calls will display the
  callers number in the ANI window of 9-1-1
  equipment
• The call back number includes the area code
• Cellular One provides call back numbers in some
  of the South Jersey area

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Phase I in New Jersey

• In November 1999, the FCC clarified their ruling
  on who pays for Phase I service.
• Cost recovery for the carrier no longer a
  requirement.
• Talks with Verizon, ATT, Sprint, NEXTEL
  Cellular One resumed in January 2000.

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Phase II in New Jersey

• In January 1997 New Jersey participated in a
  demonstration of 9-1-1 locational technology
• Conducted along the TPK/Rt. 295 corridor in
  Salem, Gloucester, Camden Burlington Counties
• Test proved successful

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Phase II in New Jersey

• Caller location data collected during the test
  indicated that

• 52 were from the Interstate Highways
• 26 were from State Highways
• 12 were from County roads
• 10 were from residential streets parking lots
  and buildings

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Phase II in New Jersey

• Callers home area data collected during the test
  indicated that

• 70 of the callers were from South Central New
  Jersey
• 3 of the callers were from North New Jersey
• 15 of the callers were from Pennsylvania
• 12 of the callers were from other states

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Phase II in New Jersey

• Not likely to meet the 2001 deadline
• Carriers looking at several technologies to adopt
• Global Positioning System (GPS)
• Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA)
• Angle of Arrival (AOA)
• Or a combination of technologies

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History of Wireless 9-1-1 in New Jersey
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In the Early Days

• Cell phones were expensive, several hundred
  dollars
• Cellular networks only existed along the
  interstates and highly urban areas of the country
• 9-1-1 was not statewide until about 1994
• The total statewide wireless 9-1-1 call volume in
  the late 1980s was about 40 calls a month

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In the Early Days

• Cell companies wanted a location to send calls if
  someone dialed 9-1-1
• Since cell sites were primarily located along the
  interstates patrolled by NJSP the State Police
  agreed to take cellular 9-1-1 calls

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Today things are different

• Wireless phones are cheap, some carriers pay YOU
  to take one with a service contract
• The wireless network in New Jersey is extensive
• Over 80 of the wireless phones are purchased for
  security reasons
• 9-1-1 is mandated statewide
• There are approximately 100,000 wireless 9-1-1
  calls per month in New Jersey, nearly 30 of the
  total 9-1-1 call volume

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Who Answers Wireless9-1-1 Calls?

• In Counties that have a County Communications
  Center, calls are directed to the county PSAP
• Salem
• Cumberland
• Gloucester
• Camden
• Burlington
• Ocean
• Hunterdon
• Warren

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Who Answers Wireless9-1-1 Calls?

• In Counties that have a limited coverage County
  Communications Center, calls are split between
  the county PSAP, Local PSAPs, and the State
  Police PSAPs
• Hudson
• Union
• Passaic
• Monmouth

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Who Answers Wireless9-1-1 Calls?

• In many Counties that do not have a County
  Communications Center, calls are directed to the
  New Jersey State Police PSAP
• Middlesex
• Mercer
• Morris
• Somerset
• Sussex
• Atlantic
• Cape May

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Who Answers Wireless9-1-1 Calls?

• In Essex County calls are directed to the local
  PSAPs and New Jersey State Police PSAP
• In Bergen County, ATT Wireless calls go the
  Bergen County PSAP while Verizon Wireless, Voice
  Stream, Sprint NEXTEL calls go to the New
  Jersey State Police, Totowa

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What determines where a wireless 9-1-1 call is
answered?
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What determines where a wireless 9-1-1 call is
answered?

• Each cell site is programmed to send 9-1-1 calls
  to one location regardless of where the caller is
  located
• Some cell sites can cover as much as a 10 mile
  radius
• Other sites cover a very small area, such as the
  Meadowlands Arena, these are know as micro or
  pico sites

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Cell Site Sectors

• Many cell sites are divided into sectors
• Each sector points in a specific direction
• Sectorized cell sites will have the sector that
  picked up the call included in the ALI screen, if
  a location is indicated.

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Cell Site Sectors
10 Deg.
?
270 Deg.
130 Deg.
A W indicates this call was picked up on...
this sector which faces west
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Cell Site Sectors
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Time for some Cheesy Animation
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Cell sites are constructed throughout the
state to provide desired coverage patterns. More
in urban areas and along the interstates.
A car on the NJ TPK dials 9-1-1
?
Radio signals are sent out in all directions.
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?
In many cases the closest cell site picks up
the signal (Elizabeth)
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Sometime the call is picked up by a cell site in
another county (Essex)
?
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?
And in some cases picked up by a cell site on
another state (New York)
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Another problem occurs when calls from outside of
New Jersey are picked up by a cell site in New
Jersey
?
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The Roamer Access Number
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Roamer Access Number

• Many 9-1-1 callers are from outside the area just
  passing through
• These callers will be using their wireless phones
  that have their service provided outside of New
  Jersey
• When you dial their mobile number the telephone
  network may look for them in the home area

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Roamer Access Number

• To call the roamer you must look for them in the
  area they they placed their 9-1-1 call
• To do this you must dial the roamer access number
  on the screen (PILOT )
• After you hear the dial tone, dial the mobile
  number, including area code, without the prefix 1
• The wireless network looks for that caller in the
  New Jersey network

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Summary
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Summary

• Wireless calls will continue to be a problem
  until locational technology is deployed
• We must continue to question each caller to
  determine location information
• Multiple calls for the same event are a common
  occurrence

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The End.