Levels of Organization

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Levels of Organization

• Ecology

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• Ecology the study of how living things interact
  with each other and their environment

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• Every living thing is made of cells
• CELLS
• TISSUES
• ORGANS
• ORGAN SYSTEM
• ORGANISM

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• Organism - a single living thing that obtains
  food, water, and shelter to live, grow, and
  reproduce in its habitat (environment)
• Ex A mountain goat

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• Population - A group of interbreeding organisms
  (species) living in the same area
• Ex All of the mountain goats living on the
  mountain

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• Community - all the populations in an ecosystem
• Ex All the goats, birds, mammals, plants, and
  insects on the mountain

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• Ecosystem - all living (biotic) organisms in an
  area and all the nonliving (abiotic) features of
  their environment.
• Ex All the goats, birds, mammals, insects, and
  plants, along with water, soil, air, clouds,
  sunlight, and man-made materials on the mountain

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• Biome - A major type of ecosystem
• Ex rainforest, desert, tundra, deciduous forest,
  taiga, marine, etc.

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• Biosphere - every place on Earth that can support
  life

Atmosphere air Hydrosphere water Lithosphere
land
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Make your own!

• Choose an animal you are familiar with and fill
  out your boxes with pictures of that animal as an
  individual, in a population, in a community, etc.

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Food Chain- series of events in which one
organism eats another and obtains energy

• Starts with light energy from the sun

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Food Chain

• Producers- make food using the suns energy
  through photosynthesis

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Food Chain

• Primary (1st) Consumer- eats producers/plants
• Herbivore OR Omnivore

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Food Chain

• Secondary (2nd) Consumer- a carnivore or omnivore
  eats the primary consumer

OR
Secondary Consumer
Primary Consumer
Primary Consumer
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Food Chain

• Tertiary (3rd) Consumer- eats primary or
  secondary consumers. Called the top of the food
  chain

Secondary Consumer
Tertiary Consumer
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Who feeds on EVERYTHING?

• Decomposers- break down decaying material and
  release nutrients into soil
• Scavenger- Carnivore that feeds on dead
  organisms.

Can you tell the difference between herbivores,
carnivores, producers, decomposers, and
scavengers within Africa?
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Food Chain!
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More Food Chains!
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Food Chain Games!

• Simple starter food chain
• Food Chain by I Know that!
• Build a food chain
• River, Woodland, Seashore food chain

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Food Web- many overlapping food chains in an
ecosystem
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Food Web Games!

• Woodland Food Web
• Fun with Food Webs
• Arctic Ocean Food Web

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Energy Pyramid

• Amount of available energy decreases as you move
  up the food chain
• It takes a large number of producers to support a
  small number of primary consumers

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Interactions of Living things Interdependence

• Competition struggle between organisms to
  survive as they attempt to use the same limited
  resource

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Limiting Factors of Ecosystems

• Limiting factor- an environmental condition that
  make a population decrease in size and can be a
  result of competition
• Can you list some?
• - Food
• - Water
• - Space
• - Weather
• The largest population an area can support is its
  carrying capacity

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Interactions of Living Things

• Predation interaction where one organism
  (predator) kills another organism for food (prey)

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Interactions of Living Things

• Symbiosis close relationship between two
  species that benefits at least one of the species
  (mutualism, commensalism, parasitism)

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Symbiotic Relationships

• Mutualism (,) relationship where both species
  benefit

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Symbiotic Relationships

• Commensalism (,0) relationship where one
  species benefits and the other species is neither
  helped nor harmed

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Symbiotic Relationships

• Parasitism (,-) relationship where one species
  benefits (parasite) while the other is harmed
  (host)

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Lets Practice

• As a wildlife photographer, it is your job to
  catch organisms going about their daily business.
  
• Click a creature then find its pair, and you will
  discover a crazy world of interdependence. The
  aim of the game is to complete your photograph
  album, so use your film carefully, you only have
  24 exposures.

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Symbiosis Classified Ad
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• Create a classified advertisement/want ad for a
  job opening in which an organism in a symbiotic
  relationship is looking for the other organism.
  The ad should be based on a mutualism,
  parasitism, or commensalism relationship. See
  the requirements below.
• Worth____100 project points_______ Due_____Monday
  , March 23____

• Headline describing job
• Catchy headline to grab attention (10pts)
• One line describing your relationship (mutualism,
  parasitism, commensalism) (10pts)
• One line about who you are (10pts)
• One line about the type of organism you need for
  the job (Qualifications.) (10pts)
• One line about why you need this service (10pts)
• One line describing what you will give the
  organism in return for his or her services. (10
  pts)

• Picture accompanying advertisement
• A picture showing you, the organism in search of
  the other organism (10pts)
• A picture showing the organism you are in search
  of (10pts)
• A picture showing the two of you together in your
  symbiotic relationship- can be hand-drawn (10pts)

• Neat and Colorful (10pts)

Materials to use To create this ad, use
construction paper, copy paper,
magazine/newspaper cutouts, clip art, computer
graphics, photographs, hand drawn images, etc.
The ad can be done as a powerpoint presentation,
brochure, newspaper ad, magazine ad, poster.
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WANTED Lazy Pup with Short Nails

• Desperately seeking a parasitic relationship. I
  am a flea with a thin body and springy legs who
  can jump 1,000 times my own body size! I am in
  search of a dog with long fur for me to cuddle up
  in, thin skin for me to bite, and short nails to
  keep from scratching me. I need your help
  because your blood is my nutrients and I need it
  to keep me alive. In return, I promise to give
  you the heebie jeebies and plenty of scabby bites
  to scratch and keep you busy!
• ME YOU US TOGETHER