Bellwork 1011

1
Bellwork 10/11

• List 3 situations where a government may conflict
  with democratic ideas and then give 3 political
  structures that may allow for changing these
  situations
• Complete this statement
• The purpose of the state is to _____________ the
  people.

2
Articles of Confederation

• 1776-1787

3
When we last left our Founding Fathers.

• Declaration just signed (July 1776)
• American Revolution kicks into full swing
• Only American government was the First
  and Second Continental Congress
• Not really a government by the people
• More of a committee to solve a problem
• NO REAL POWER

4
Articles of Confederation

• Needed something more
• Permanent
• Centralized
• Supported by the power of the people

5
Why would we need this?What are the benefits of
the following

• Permanent government?
• Centralized government?
• Government supported by the power of populace?

6
What happened next?

• Worked on it for _at_ 17 months
• November 1777 Articles of Confederation
• Not ratified until March 1, 1781
• Required all 13 states for ratification
• 11 agreed right away
• Delaware 1779
• Maryland 1781

7
Please note

• Confederacy a union of persons, parties, or
  states a league
• How is this different from our current
  government?

8
So what did it say?

• Page 227 of your We the People
• Article II
• Each state retains its sovereignty, freedom and
  independence, and every Power, Jurisdiction and
  right, which is not by this confederation
  expressly delegated to the United States, in
  Congress assembled.

9
So what did it say?

• Article III
• a firm league of friendship with each other

10
So what did it say?

• Article IV
• The better to secure and perpetuate mutual
  friendship and intercourse among the people of
  the different states in this union,

11
So what did it look like?

• Unicameral (one house)
• Each state had one vote (regardless of size)
• No executive or judicial branch
• New president chosen each year
• President of Congress, not the United States

12
Troubles with the Articles

• Congress powerless to set and collect taxes
• Congress powerless to regulate trade
• Congress had no power to act/enforce
• No national court system
• Amended with consent of all 13 states
• Laws only passed by 9/13 majority

13
Shoes Shays Rebellion

• Shoes no power to control trade
• Shays Rebellion no power to collect taxes

14
Bellwork

• Why did the farmers of Shays Rebellion rise up
  against the government?
• Why couldnt the US government stop them?
• Was this a good reason to consider revising the
  Declaration? Why or why not?

15
Review

• After the Declaration, the Articles of
  Confederation were created
• At the end of the Revolutionary War, the people
  and Congress started to realize there were
  problems with the Articles of Conf.
• What were the specific problems?

16
Weaknesses of the Art. Of Conf.

• One vote per state
• Congress had no power to set or collect taxes
• Congress could not regulate trade
• No power to enforce acts of Congress
• No national court system
• Amendments only possible through unanimous
  consent (laws with 9/13th vote)

17
Most importantly

• We were not a nation state
• We were a confederacy or a loose league of
  independent states
• Each state retains its sovereignty, freedom and
  independence, and every Power, Jurisdiction and
  right, which is not by this confederation
  expressly delegated to the United States, in
  Congress assembled.

18
What happened next?

• Shays Rebellion Mass, 1786
• Joint meeting Annapolis, MD 1786
• Call for another meeting to discuss revising the
  Articles of Confederation
• Set to meet in Philadelphia, 1787
• Friday May 25, 1787
• The Constitutional Convention begins

19
Set the scene

• No one called it the Constitutional Convention
• Supposed to revise Articles of Confederation
• Many argued that they had no right to even
  consider creating a new government
• Hot sweltering summer in Philadelphia
• 55 men from the states show
• New Hampshire shows up late
• Rhode Island doesnt send anyone ()

20
Who were some of the names?

• George Washington
• James Madison
• Benjamin Franklin
• Alexander Hamilton
• John Dickinson
• John Rutledge
• 8 of them had signed the Declaration

21
What did they do?

• Big leaders were Madison Hamilton
• Believed we needed a strong, central govt.
• Came to become the Federalists
• George Washington elected president of the
  Convention
• Edmund Randolph (VA) calls for a new, national
  government.
• Plan to revise the Art. of Confed. scrapped

22
The 2 Big Plans

• Group Activity
• In your group, you will complete the worksheet
  youve been given
• Youll research what the plan called for
• Youll brainstorm reasons that argue for and
  against the details of the plan
• Well share as a class
• Govt text We The People (Chapt 12 13)

23
Bellwork 10/17

• List the various ideas or details of the Virginia
  Plan.

24
Virginia Plan

• Edmund Randolph again (VA)
• Added Executive Judicial branches
• Bi-cameral legislature (Congress)
• Population and/or money contributed
• Power to act, veto, or use force against states
• States required to support national govt.

25
Virginia Plan

• Pros

• Cons

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New Jersey Plan

• William Paterson
• Also Executive Judiciary
• Executive of more than one person
• Unicameral legislature
• Each state represented equally

27
New Jersey Plan

• Pros

• Cons

28
Bellwork 10/23

• Imagine you are a member of the Constitutional
  Convention. Which of the following issues would
  you personally fight for the most and what would
  be your desired outcome in the Constitution? WHY?
• Representation
• Taxation
• Slavery

29
The Great Compromise

• Virginia Plan
• Added Executive Judicial branches
• Bi-cameral legislature (Congress)
• Population and/or money contributed

• New Jersey Plan
• Also Executive Judiciary
• Executive of more than one person
• Unicameral legislature
• Each state represented equally

30
The Great Compromise
31
The Great Compromise
32
3/5 Compromise
33
3/5 Compromise
34
3/5 Compromise

• Slave Population in 1790

35
Group Activity

• Should slaves have been treated different than
  other property?
• Should the government have left the issue of
  whether to allow slavery or not to the states?
• Is it fair for us to decide the fairness of
  what occurred in 1776?