SCANDENTIA

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SCANDENTIA DERMOPTERA PRIMATES (PART)
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SUPERORDER ARCHONTOGLIRES Euarchonta
Order Scandentia (tree shrews) Order
Dermoptera (flying lemurs) Order
Plesiadapiformes Order Primates
(primates) Glires Order Lagomorpha
Order Rodentia
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SUPERORDER ARCHONTOGLIRES Euarchonta
Order Scandentia (tree shrews) Order
Dermoptera (flying lemurs) Order
Plesiadapiformes Order Primates
(primates) Glires Order Lagomorpha
Order Rodentia
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Molecular phylogeny of placentals
From Springer et al. 2005. Molecular evidence
for major placental clades Chap. 4, The Rise of
Placental Mammals.
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Euarchonta Order Scandentia (tree
shrews) Family Tupaidae
Family Ptilocercidae
Order Dermoptera (flying lemurs)
Family Cynocephalidae Order
Plesiadapiformes Order Primates
(primates) Suborder Strepsirrhini
Infraorder Adapiformes
Infraorder Lemuriformes
Suborder Haplorrhini
Infraorder Tarsiiformes
Family Omomyidae Family
Tarsiidae Infraorder
Anthropoidea Platyrrhines
Family Atelidae
Family Cebidae
Catarrhines Family
Cercopithecidae Family
Hylobatidae Family
Hominidae
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Euarchonta Order Scandentia (tree
shrews) Family Tupaidae
Family Ptilocercidae
Order Dermoptera (flying lemurs)
Family Cynocephalidae Order
Plesiadapiformes Order Primates
(primates) Suborder Strepsirrhini
Infraorder Adapiformes
Infraorder Lemuriformes
Suborder Haplorrhini
Infraorder Tarsiiformes
Family Omomyidae Family
Tarsiidae Infraorder
Anthropoidea Platyrrhines
Family Atelidae
Family Cebidae
Catarrhines Family
Cercopithecidae Family
Hylobatidae Family
Hominidae
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ORDER SCANDENTIA DISTRIBUTION
TREE SHREWS 2 familes, 5 genera, 16
species Southeast Asia, Philippines
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ORDER SCANDENTIA Family Tupaiidae
Tupaia
2 1 3 3 3 1 3 3
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ORDER SCANDENTIA Family Tupaiidae
Dendrogale
Urogale
Anathana
Ptilocercus
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ORDER SCANDENTIA Family Ptilocercidae
Pen-tailed tree shrew 1 genus, 1 species SE
Asia, Borneo
Ptilocercus
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ORDER DERMOPTERA DISTRIBUTION Flying lemurs
2 genera, 2 species
Cynocephalus volans
Galeopithecus variegatus
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ORDER DERMOPTERA Family Cynocephalidae
Galeopithecus variegatus (SE Asia Sunda shelf)
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ORDER DERMOPTERA Family Cynocephalidae
Cynocephalus volans (Philippines)
2 1 2 3 3 1 2 3
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ORDER PRIMATES NON-HUMAN PRIMATE DISTRIBUTION
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ORDER Primates Purgatorius ??
Order Plesiadapiformes (paleoprimates)
Order Primates (true primates)
Suborder Strepsirrhini Infraorder
Adapiformes Infraorder
Lemuriformes Suborder Haplorrhini
Infraorder Tarsiiformes
Infraorder Anthropoidea
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ORDER PLESIODAPIFORMES? Purgatorius --
Cretaceous Paleocene
North America
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PRIMATE EVOLUTION
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2 1 3 3 2 1 3 3
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ORDER PLESIODAPIFORMES Plesiadapis Paleocene
Early Eocene
Eurasia North America
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ORDER PLESIODAPIFORMES Carpolestes North America,
Paleocene
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ORDER Primates Suborder Strepsirrhini
Infraorder Adapiformes
Infraorder Lemuriformes Suborder
Haplorrhini Infraorder
Tarsiiformes Infraorder
Anthropoidea
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PLESIADAPIFORM vs. STREPSIRHINE
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ORDER Primates Suborder
Strepsirrhini Infraorder
Adapiformes Infraorder
Lemuriformes Cheirogaleidae
Magaladapidae
Lemuridae Indridae
Daubentoniidae
Loridae
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2 1 4 3 2 1 4 3
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PRIMATE RELATIONSHIPS
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PRIMATES GRADES vs CLADES
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Haplorhines vs. Strepsirhines
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STREPSIRHINE CHARACTERISTICS
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STREPSIRHINE RELATIONSHIPS
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STREPSIRHINE PHYLOGENY mtDNA (cytochrome
B) phylogeography
From Yoder et al. 1996 Proc. Natl Acad. Sci.
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STREPSIRHINE DIVERGENCE mtDNA molecular
clock
From Yoder et al. 1996 Proc. Natl Acad. Sci.
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From Yoder et al. 1996 Proc. Natl Acad. Sci.
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Nycticebus
Loris
2 1 3 3 2 1 3 3
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4 genera 6 species Africa, Asia
Perodicticus
http//www.arkive.org/species/GES/mammals/Loris_ta
rdigradus/Loris_tardigradus_06a.html?movietypewmM
ed
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2 1 3 3 2 1 3 3
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4 genera 11 species Africa
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• 2 1 3 3
• 2 1 3 3
• 4 genera, 10 species
• Madagascar

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http//www.arkive.org/species/GES/mammals/Eulemur_
macaco/Eulemur_macaco_ma_06b.html?movietypewmMed
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ORDER PRIMATES Family Cheirogaleidae newly
discovered dwarf lemurs!
Microcebus lehilahytsara
Mirza zaza
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0 1 3 3 2 1 3 3
32 1 genus 7 species Madagascar
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3 genera 5 species Madagascar
2 1 2 3 2 0 2 3
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1 species Madagascar
1 0 1 3 1 0 0 3
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http//www.arkive.org/species/GES/mammals/Daubento
nia_madagascariensis/Daubentonia_madagascar_08d.ht
ml?movietypewmMed
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EXTINCT MALAGASY PRIMATES Indriidae Megaladapid
ae