Title: i' The Web Ontology Language, OWL ii' Future Direction
1i. The Web Ontology Language, OWLii. Future
Direction
- Prof. James Hendler
- University of Maryland
- Hendler_at_cs.umd.edu
- http//www.cs.umd.edu/hendler
2You are here
You Are Here
Semantic Web LayerCake (Berners-Lee,
99Swartz-Hendler, 2001)
3What the Web was meant to be
- "This is a pity, as in fact documents on the web
describe real objects and imaginary concepts, and
give particular relationships between them... For
example, a document might describe a person. The
title document to a house describes a house and
also the ownership relation with a person. ...
This means that machines, as well as people
operating on the web of information, can do real
things. For example, a program could search for a
house and negotiate transfer of ownership of the
house to a new owner. The land registry
guarantees that the title actually represents
reality. - Tim Berners-Lee plenary presentation at WWW
Geneva, 1994
4(No Transcript)
5Eventtitle
ltdamlObjectProperty rdfID"photograph"gt ltrdfsdo
main rdfresource"Picture"/gt ltrdfsrange
rdfresource person"/gt lt/damlObjectPropertygt
EventWebPage
lt gt rdftype photoPhotograph, PhotoFile
http///imagesimage1, Phototopic
event1eventspeaker.
Event1 a Eventevent date May 7-11,
speaker http//timbl.html Title WWW
2002 TimBL rdftype w3c-ontperson name
Tim Berners-Lee
ltsClass rdfabout"http//www.semanticweb.org/ont
ologies/swrc-onto-2000-09-10.damlConference"gt lts
commentgt describes a generic conceptabout events
lt/scommentgt ltssubClassOf
rdfresource"http//www.semanticweb.org/ontologie
s/swrc-onto-2000-09-10.damlEvent"/gt ltadisjointFr
om rdfresource"http//www.semanticweb.org/ontolo
gies/swrc-onto-2000-09-10.damlWorkshop"/gt ltarest
rictedBy rdfresource"http//www.semanticweb.org/
ontologies/swrc-onto-2000-09-10.damlgenid18"/gt
ltrdfDescription rdfabout"http//www.w3.org/200
1/03/earl/0.95Person"gt ltrdftype
rdfresource"http//www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema
Class"/gt ltrdfssubClassOf rdfresource"http//ww
w.w3.org/2001/03/earl/0.95Assertor"/gt lt/rdfDescr
iptiongt
6Semantic Web provides external models to merge
on
nme
CV
CV
work
vate
CV
educ
educ
SW languages add mappings And structure.
7A Usable Modeling language
- In science, models provide interoperability
across jargons - Mathematical models equations of a system
- Physical models sticks and balls of the atom
- Virtual models the visualization of a complex
data set - INFORMATION MODELS taxonomies and thesauris
- Ontologies extend thesaurus information models to
provide - Semantic restrictions on property relations
- Must have vs. May have vs. Doesnt have
- Has some vs. has N vs. has 1
- Some vs. All property restrictions
- Formal underpinnings
- Logical entailments
- Note rules, logics, proofs are parts of
ontologies, but not yet at a consensus level
for standardization - Should build as add-ons to OWL to take advantage
of terminology features
8W3C Web Ontology Working Group
- Web Ontology Working Group in the W3C Semantic
Web Activity aimed at extending the semantic
reach of current XML and RDF meta-data efforts.
- History
- DAMLOIL is submitted as a joint committee effort
published as a W3C note . - W3C WG Announcement in November 2001 -
http//lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-rdf-logic/
2001Nov/0000.html - Weekly teleconferences started in November 2001
- First Face to Face Meeting - New Jersey (Lucent),
Jan 02 2nd - Amsterdam April (W3C) 3rd - CA
(Fujitsu/Stanford host) July 4th in Bristol UK
(HP Host) Oct. - First version Working Drafts now complete
- Requirements/Use cases
- 3 Technical Documents - July 2002 (Language
renamed OWL) - 3 using it Documents - November 2002
9Membership
- Current Working Group includes 55 members from
over 30 organizations. - Chairs
- J. Hendler, MIND Lab UMCP
- G. Schreiber, Univ. of Amsterdam
- Industry including
- Large companies - Daimler Chrysler, IBM, HP,
Intel, EDS, Fujitsu, Lucent, Motorola, Nokia,
Philips Electronics, Sun, Unisys - Newer/smaller companies - IVIS Group, Network
Inference, Stilo Technology, Unicorn Solutions - Government and Not-For-Profits
- US Defense Information Systems Agency,
Interoperability Technology Association for
Information Processing, Japan (INTAP) ,
Electricite De France, Mitre, NIST - Universities and Research Centers
- University of Bristol, University of Maryland,
University of Southamptom, Stanford University - DFKI (German Research Center for Artificial
Intelligence), Forschungszentrum Informatik,
Ontoweb - Invited Experts
- Well-known academics from non-W3C members (Hayes,
Heflin, Stein, Borden)
10Use Cases for Ontologies
- Abstracted six categories of Use case from approx
25 real-world applications/prototypes - Web Portals
- Categorization rules enhance search
- Multimedia Collections
- Content-based searches for non-text media
- Corporate Web Site Management
- Taxonomical Organization of documents
- Mapping Between Corporate Sectors (mergers!)
- Design Documentation
- Explication of "derived" assemblies (e.g. wing
spar) - Explicit Management of Constraints
- Intelligent Agents
- User Preferences/User Interests
- Content Mapping
- Ubiquitous Computing
- Web Service Discovery and Composition
- Rights Management and Access Control
- Context-dependent content reformating
11OWL extends RDF
rdfsClass rdfID"Meeting"gt ltrdfssubClassOfgt
ltdamlRestrictiongt ltdamlonProperty
rdfresource"MeetingName"/gt ltdamltoClass
rdfresource"http//www.w3.org/2000/10/XMLSchema
string"/gt ltdamlcardinalitygt1lt/damlcardinal
itygt lt/damlRestrictiongt lt/rdfssubClassOfgt
ltrdfssubClassOfgt ltdamlRestrictiongt
ltdamlonProperty rdfresource"uri"/gt
ltdamltoClass rdfresource"http//www.w3.org/2000
/10/XMLSchemauriReference"/gt
ltdamlmaxCardinalitygt1lt/damlmaxCardinalitygt
lt/damlRestrictiongt lt/rdfssubClassOfgt
ltrdfssubClassOfgt ltdamlRestrictiongt
ltdamlonProperty rdfresource"location"/gt
ltdamltoClass rdfresource"http//www.w3.org/2000
/10/XMLSchemastring"/gt
12OWL extends RDF
- RDF-schema
- Class, subclass
- Property, subproperty
- Restrictions
- Range, domain
- Local, global
- Existential
- Cardinality
- Combinators
- Union, Intersection
- Complement
- Symmetric, transitive
- Mapping
- Equivalence
- Inverse
rdfsClass rdfID"Meeting"gt ltrdfssubClassOfgt
ltdamlRestrictiongt ltdamlonProperty
rdfresource"MeetingName"/gt ltdamltoClass
rdfresource"http//www.w3.org/2000/10/XMLSchema
string"/gt ltdamlcardinalitygt1lt/damlcardinal
itygt lt/damlRestrictiongt lt/rdfssubClassOfgt
ltrdfssubClassOfgt ltdamlRestrictiongt
ltdamlonProperty rdfresource"uri"/gt
ltdamltoClass rdfresource"http//www.w3.org/2000
/10/XMLSchemauriReference"/gt
ltdamlmaxCardinalitygt1lt/damlmaxCardinalitygt
lt/damlRestrictiongt lt/rdfssubClassOfgt
ltrdfssubClassOfgt ltdamlRestrictiongt
ltdamlonProperty rdfresource"location"/gt
ltdamltoClass rdfresource"http//www.w3.org/2000
/10/XMLSchemastring"/gt ltdamlcardinalitygt1lt
/damlcardinalitygt lt/damlRestrictiongt
ltrdfssubClassOfgt ltdamlRestrictiongt
ltdamlonProperty rdfresource"Issues" /gt
ltdamltoClass rdfresource"Issue" /gt
ltdamlminCardinalitygt0lt/damlminCardinalitygt
lt/damlRestrictiongt lt/rdfssubClassOfgt
lt/rdfsClassgt
13WOWG Documents
- Following Documents available
- Requirements for a Web Ontology Language (WD)
- Owl 1.0 Feature Description (WD)
- Owl 1.0 Reference Document (WD)
- Owl 1.0 Abstract Syntax Document (WD) (Not LC
document) - Owl 1.0 Semantics (Model Theory) (WD)
- Owl 1.0 Guide and Walkthru (WD)
- Owl 1.0 Test Suite (WD)
- Coming soon
- Non-normative appendices
- XML schema for OWL documents
- UML presentation syntax for OWL
14OWL is starting to move
- Based on DAMLOIL - the most used ontology
language ever!! - http//www.daml.org (6M statements on over 20,000
web pages) - Gaining acceptance by web players
- Semantic Web Track was offered at WWW 2002 again
at WWW 2003 - Strong attendance at WWW2002 Developer Day on SW
- Significant (international) Govt Support
- US DARPA/NSF EU IST Framework 5,6
- Japan, Germany, Australia considering significant
investments - US National Cancer Institute to publish cancer
vocabulary in DAMLOIL - Much New Startup activity (even in this economic
climate) - Many tools being developed
- Starting to see tools for users, not just
developers (but a long way to go)
15The Semantic Web Revolution
16Making Markup Easier
17Common Metaphor across tools
18Use that markup in query/portal interfaces
19Moving to the futureof the web
Semantic Web LayerCake (Berners-Lee,
99Swartz-Hendler, 2001)
20Know how to process whats on the web
21Off the desktop
22Or perhaps on different desktops
23Web travel agents
How many cows are there in Texas?
- Query processed 73 answers found
- Google document search finds 235,312 possible
page hits. - Http//www/CowTexas.html claims the answer is
289,921,836 - A database entitled Texas Cattle Association
can be queried for the answer, but you will need
authorization as a state employee. - A computer program that can compute that number
is offered by the State of Texas Cattlemans
Cooperative, click here to run program. - ...
- The sex network can answer anything that
troubles you, click here for relief... - The UFO network claims the all cows in Texas
have been replaced by aliens
24Use Semantics for Composition
Translate my symptoms fromFrench and find me a
pharmacythat has the necessary medicine(then
compute how to get thereand print the
directions)
Print the directions to a pharmacywhich has a
medicine that curesthe symptoms that I will tell
you (in French)
25For goal-based service composition
Buy the French version of a book from amazon.fr
and have it sent to Moms address
26Services need Web Logics
27Distributed trust relationships
28Distributed Trust
29Conclusion
- It is no longer a question of whether the
semantic web will come into being, it is already
here! - Were already well past the starting gate
- Web ontologies, term languages, shims to DB and
services, research in proofs/rules/trust - Standardization providing a common denominator
for KR researchers as well as web developers - Small companies starting to form, Big companies
starting to move - The current environment is open, encouraging,
moving fast, and really exciting - Read our documents
- Use our tools
- We want to hear from you!
http//www.w3.org/2001/sw http//www.daml.org http
//www.semanticweb.org