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Title: i' The Web Ontology Language, OWL ii' Future Direction


1
i. The Web Ontology Language, OWLii. Future
Direction
  • Prof. James Hendler
  • University of Maryland
  • Hendler_at_cs.umd.edu
  • http//www.cs.umd.edu/hendler

2
You are here
You Are Here
Semantic Web LayerCake (Berners-Lee,
99Swartz-Hendler, 2001)
3
What the Web was meant to be
  • "This is a pity, as in fact documents on the web
    describe real objects and imaginary concepts, and
    give particular relationships between them... For
    example, a document might describe a person. The
    title document to a house describes a house and
    also the ownership relation with a person. ...
    This means that machines, as well as people
    operating on the web of information, can do real
    things. For example, a program could search for a
    house and negotiate transfer of ownership of the
    house to a new owner. The land registry
    guarantees that the title actually represents
    reality.
  • Tim Berners-Lee plenary presentation at WWW
    Geneva, 1994

4
(No Transcript)
5
Eventtitle
ltdamlObjectProperty rdfID"photograph"gt ltrdfsdo
main rdfresource"Picture"/gt ltrdfsrange
rdfresource person"/gt lt/damlObjectPropertygt
EventWebPage
lt gt rdftype photoPhotograph, PhotoFile
http///imagesimage1, Phototopic
event1eventspeaker.
Event1 a Eventevent date May 7-11,
speaker http//timbl.html Title WWW
2002 TimBL rdftype w3c-ontperson name
Tim Berners-Lee
ltsClass rdfabout"http//www.semanticweb.org/ont
ologies/swrc-onto-2000-09-10.damlConference"gt lts
commentgt describes a generic conceptabout events
lt/scommentgt ltssubClassOf
rdfresource"http//www.semanticweb.org/ontologie
s/swrc-onto-2000-09-10.damlEvent"/gt ltadisjointFr
om rdfresource"http//www.semanticweb.org/ontolo
gies/swrc-onto-2000-09-10.damlWorkshop"/gt ltarest
rictedBy rdfresource"http//www.semanticweb.org/
ontologies/swrc-onto-2000-09-10.damlgenid18"/gt
ltrdfDescription rdfabout"http//www.w3.org/200
1/03/earl/0.95Person"gt ltrdftype
rdfresource"http//www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema
Class"/gt ltrdfssubClassOf rdfresource"http//ww
w.w3.org/2001/03/earl/0.95Assertor"/gt lt/rdfDescr
iptiongt
6
Semantic Web provides external models to merge
on
nme
CV
CV
work
vate
CV
educ
educ
SW languages add mappings And structure.
7
A Usable Modeling language
  • In science, models provide interoperability
    across jargons
  • Mathematical models equations of a system
  • Physical models sticks and balls of the atom
  • Virtual models the visualization of a complex
    data set
  • INFORMATION MODELS taxonomies and thesauris
  • Ontologies extend thesaurus information models to
    provide
  • Semantic restrictions on property relations
  • Must have vs. May have vs. Doesnt have
  • Has some vs. has N vs. has 1
  • Some vs. All property restrictions
  • Formal underpinnings
  • Logical entailments
  • Note rules, logics, proofs are parts of
    ontologies, but not yet at a consensus level
    for standardization
  • Should build as add-ons to OWL to take advantage
    of terminology features

8
W3C Web Ontology Working Group
  • Web Ontology Working Group in the W3C Semantic
    Web Activity aimed at extending the semantic
    reach of current XML and RDF meta-data efforts.
  • History
  • DAMLOIL is submitted as a joint committee effort
    published as a W3C note .
  • W3C WG Announcement in November 2001 -
    http//lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-rdf-logic/
    2001Nov/0000.html
  • Weekly teleconferences started in November 2001
  • First Face to Face Meeting - New Jersey (Lucent),
    Jan 02 2nd - Amsterdam April (W3C) 3rd - CA
    (Fujitsu/Stanford host) July 4th in Bristol UK
    (HP Host) Oct.
  • First version Working Drafts now complete
  • Requirements/Use cases
  • 3 Technical Documents - July 2002 (Language
    renamed OWL)
  • 3 using it Documents - November 2002

9
Membership
  • Current Working Group includes 55 members from
    over 30 organizations.
  • Chairs
  • J. Hendler, MIND Lab UMCP
  • G. Schreiber, Univ. of Amsterdam
  • Industry including
  • Large companies - Daimler Chrysler, IBM, HP,
    Intel, EDS, Fujitsu, Lucent, Motorola, Nokia,
    Philips Electronics, Sun, Unisys
  • Newer/smaller companies - IVIS Group, Network
    Inference, Stilo Technology, Unicorn Solutions
  • Government and Not-For-Profits
  • US Defense Information Systems Agency,
    Interoperability Technology Association for
    Information Processing, Japan (INTAP) ,
    Electricite De France, Mitre, NIST
  • Universities and Research Centers
  • University of Bristol, University of Maryland,
    University of Southamptom, Stanford University
  • DFKI (German Research Center for Artificial
    Intelligence), Forschungszentrum Informatik,
    Ontoweb
  • Invited Experts
  • Well-known academics from non-W3C members (Hayes,
    Heflin, Stein, Borden)

10
Use Cases for Ontologies
  • Abstracted six categories of Use case from approx
    25 real-world applications/prototypes
  • Web Portals
  • Categorization rules enhance search
  • Multimedia Collections
  • Content-based searches for non-text media
  • Corporate Web Site Management
  • Taxonomical Organization of documents
  • Mapping Between Corporate Sectors (mergers!)
  • Design Documentation
  • Explication of "derived" assemblies (e.g. wing
    spar)
  • Explicit Management of Constraints
  • Intelligent Agents
  • User Preferences/User Interests
  • Content Mapping
  • Ubiquitous Computing
  • Web Service Discovery and Composition
  • Rights Management and Access Control
  • Context-dependent content reformating

11
OWL extends RDF
rdfsClass rdfID"Meeting"gt ltrdfssubClassOfgt
ltdamlRestrictiongt ltdamlonProperty
rdfresource"MeetingName"/gt ltdamltoClass
rdfresource"http//www.w3.org/2000/10/XMLSchema
string"/gt ltdamlcardinalitygt1lt/damlcardinal
itygt lt/damlRestrictiongt lt/rdfssubClassOfgt
ltrdfssubClassOfgt ltdamlRestrictiongt
ltdamlonProperty rdfresource"uri"/gt
ltdamltoClass rdfresource"http//www.w3.org/2000
/10/XMLSchemauriReference"/gt
ltdamlmaxCardinalitygt1lt/damlmaxCardinalitygt
lt/damlRestrictiongt lt/rdfssubClassOfgt
ltrdfssubClassOfgt ltdamlRestrictiongt
ltdamlonProperty rdfresource"location"/gt
ltdamltoClass rdfresource"http//www.w3.org/2000
/10/XMLSchemastring"/gt
12
OWL extends RDF
  • RDF-schema
  • Class, subclass
  • Property, subproperty
  • Restrictions
  • Range, domain
  • Local, global
  • Existential
  • Cardinality
  • Combinators
  • Union, Intersection
  • Complement
  • Symmetric, transitive
  • Mapping
  • Equivalence
  • Inverse

rdfsClass rdfID"Meeting"gt ltrdfssubClassOfgt
ltdamlRestrictiongt ltdamlonProperty
rdfresource"MeetingName"/gt ltdamltoClass
rdfresource"http//www.w3.org/2000/10/XMLSchema
string"/gt ltdamlcardinalitygt1lt/damlcardinal
itygt lt/damlRestrictiongt lt/rdfssubClassOfgt
ltrdfssubClassOfgt ltdamlRestrictiongt
ltdamlonProperty rdfresource"uri"/gt
ltdamltoClass rdfresource"http//www.w3.org/2000
/10/XMLSchemauriReference"/gt
ltdamlmaxCardinalitygt1lt/damlmaxCardinalitygt
lt/damlRestrictiongt lt/rdfssubClassOfgt
ltrdfssubClassOfgt ltdamlRestrictiongt
ltdamlonProperty rdfresource"location"/gt
ltdamltoClass rdfresource"http//www.w3.org/2000
/10/XMLSchemastring"/gt ltdamlcardinalitygt1lt
/damlcardinalitygt lt/damlRestrictiongt
ltrdfssubClassOfgt ltdamlRestrictiongt
ltdamlonProperty rdfresource"Issues" /gt
ltdamltoClass rdfresource"Issue" /gt
ltdamlminCardinalitygt0lt/damlminCardinalitygt
lt/damlRestrictiongt lt/rdfssubClassOfgt
lt/rdfsClassgt
13
WOWG Documents
  • Following Documents available
  • Requirements for a Web Ontology Language (WD)
  • Owl 1.0 Feature Description (WD)
  • Owl 1.0 Reference Document (WD)
  • Owl 1.0 Abstract Syntax Document (WD) (Not LC
    document)
  • Owl 1.0 Semantics (Model Theory) (WD)
  • Owl 1.0 Guide and Walkthru (WD)
  • Owl 1.0 Test Suite (WD)
  • Coming soon
  • Non-normative appendices
  • XML schema for OWL documents
  • UML presentation syntax for OWL

14
OWL is starting to move
  • Based on DAMLOIL - the most used ontology
    language ever!!
  • http//www.daml.org (6M statements on over 20,000
    web pages)
  • Gaining acceptance by web players
  • Semantic Web Track was offered at WWW 2002 again
    at WWW 2003
  • Strong attendance at WWW2002 Developer Day on SW
  • Significant (international) Govt Support
  • US DARPA/NSF EU IST Framework 5,6
  • Japan, Germany, Australia considering significant
    investments
  • US National Cancer Institute to publish cancer
    vocabulary in DAMLOIL
  • Much New Startup activity (even in this economic
    climate)
  • Many tools being developed
  • Starting to see tools for users, not just
    developers (but a long way to go)

15
The Semantic Web Revolution
16
Making Markup Easier
17
Common Metaphor across tools
18
Use that markup in query/portal interfaces
19
Moving to the futureof the web
Semantic Web LayerCake (Berners-Lee,
99Swartz-Hendler, 2001)
20
Know how to process whats on the web
21
Off the desktop
22
Or perhaps on different desktops
23
Web travel agents
How many cows are there in Texas?
  • Query processed 73 answers found
  • Google document search finds 235,312 possible
    page hits.
  • Http//www/CowTexas.html claims the answer is
    289,921,836
  • A database entitled Texas Cattle Association
    can be queried for the answer, but you will need
    authorization as a state employee.
  • A computer program that can compute that number
    is offered by the State of Texas Cattlemans
    Cooperative, click here to run program.
  • ...
  • The sex network can answer anything that
    troubles you, click here for relief...
  • The UFO network claims the all cows in Texas
    have been replaced by aliens

24
Use Semantics for Composition
Translate my symptoms fromFrench and find me a
pharmacythat has the necessary medicine(then
compute how to get thereand print the
directions)
Print the directions to a pharmacywhich has a
medicine that curesthe symptoms that I will tell
you (in French)
25
For goal-based service composition
Buy the French version of a book from amazon.fr
and have it sent to Moms address
26
Services need Web Logics
27
Distributed trust relationships
28
Distributed Trust
29
Conclusion
  • It is no longer a question of whether the
    semantic web will come into being, it is already
    here!
  • Were already well past the starting gate
  • Web ontologies, term languages, shims to DB and
    services, research in proofs/rules/trust
  • Standardization providing a common denominator
    for KR researchers as well as web developers
  • Small companies starting to form, Big companies
    starting to move
  • The current environment is open, encouraging,
    moving fast, and really exciting
  • Read our documents
  • Use our tools
  • We want to hear from you!

http//www.w3.org/2001/sw http//www.daml.org http
//www.semanticweb.org
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