Name: Jim DeLeo

1

• Name Jim DeLeo
• Profession Computer Scientist
• Affiliation NIH Clinical Center
• Relation Keen interest in applying
• AI in medical sciences.
• Question Why is it taking so long to
• produce practical AI
• products in medicine and
• what can we do about it?
  

2

• SECTION A 
•     1.  Artificial Intelligence
•     2.  Defining the AI Problem
•     3.  What is an Agent?
•     4.  AI is an Empirical Science
•     5.  Alien-AI Engineering
•     6.  Solving the AI Problem
•     7.  Ambition Within Limits
•     8.  Taking AI to Its Limits
•     9.  Super-Human Intelligence
•   10.  Neighboring Disciplines
•   11.  AI and Psychology
•   12.  Cognitive Psychology
•   13.  Cognitive Science
• 14. AI Philosophy

3
Artificial Intelligence

• Products after 50 years of AI RD
• Chess playing programs
• Robots
• Knowledge extraction from data
• Surgical machinery
• Terrorist activity detection
• Missile target-detection systems

4
Defining the AI Problem

• Understand man as a machine
• General theory of intelligent activity
• in generalized intelligent agents
• Agent capabilities could extend
• beyond what we now imagine
• Bold enterprise
• Age-old philosophical questions

5
What Is an Agent?

• Anything with intelligent behavior
• robots in physical environments
• computer programs in virtual environments
• Ensembles of agents
• inspiration from ant colonies

6
AI As An Empirical Science

• AI pioneer Marvin Minsky (b. 1927)
• says The AI problem is one of the
• hardest science has undertaken.
• AI embraces science engineering
• Strong-AI (AGI) machine capable of thought,
  consciousness emotion.
• Weak-AI less audacious.

7
Alien-AI Engineering

• AI Goal to build a machine with
• intelligent behaviors.
• Intelligence need not be emulation
• of human or animal intelligence.
• When it is not this is referred to as
• Alien-AI

8
Solving the AI Problem

• Strong-AI (AGI) to build machines with human
  and superhuman capabilities.
• For most people working in AI the strong-AI
  debate is of little practical interest.

9
(No Transcript)
10
Ambition Within Limits

• Weak-AI explains human animal behavior to some
  extent.
• Constructing intelligent machines is one way to
  understand intelligent action.
• Strong-AI (AGI) is ambitious with goals that may
  not be achievable.
• Strong-AI (AGI) is futuristic.
• Weak-AI is practical and produces.

11
Taking AI to Its Limits

• We cannot hold back AI any more than primitive
  man could have suppressed the spread of
  thinking.
• - Doug Lenet Edward Feigenbaum
• Strong-AI suggests that our mental life can be
  uploaded into a computer and enhanced, expanded
  and immortalized.
• Transhumanists Extropians entertain this
  possibility.

12
Transhumanists Extropians
Mind Uploading
13
 Super-Human Intelligence

• Brain design may limit intellectual capacity.
• The brain can evolve through evolution and human
  engineering.
• Brains built from more advanced machinery could
  result in super-human intelligence.
• This is ultimate goal of AI for some.

14
Neighboring Disciplines

• Certum quod factum (One is certain only of
  what one builds) Giambattista Vico (1668 1746)
• AI attempts to understand cognition by building
  working models.
• Psychology, philosophy, linguistics and
  neuroscience are also concerned with mental
  processes.
• AIs goal of constructing machinery is supported
  by logic, mathematics and computer science.

15
AI and Psychology

• Objectives of AI and psychology overlap.
• Both aim to understand mental processes that
  underlie human and animal behavior.
• Behaviorists say explanations of behavior should
  be based on observations not unobserved mental
  entities.
• Psychologists began abandoning behaviorism in the
  later 1950s.
• Instead of restricting study to stimulus-response
  relationships, internal mentalistic processes
  such as memory, learning reasoning were
  considered.

16
Cognitive Psychology

• In the 1950s an approach to psychology based on
  a computational theory of mind began to emerge.
• In 1957, Herbert Simon (1915-2001) said Within
  10 years psychology theories will take the form
  of computer programs.
• By the end of the 1950s cognitive psychology had
  emerged as a branch of psychology concerned with
  explaining cognitive function in
  information-processing terms, and ultimately
  relying on the computer as a metaphor for
  cognition.

17
Cognitive Science

• AI cognitive psychology have much in common.
• This led to cognitive science - an
  interdisciplinary approach bringing AI and
  cognitive psychology together to understanding
  intelligent activity.
• This books concepts fall within the domains of
  cognitive science and AI.

18
AI Philosophy

• Most AI researchers agree that AI has an intimate
  reciprocal relationship with philosophy
• epistemology
• metaphysics
• ontology

19
AI Photo Gallery
20
Daisy, daisy, give me your answer do. Im
h.a.l.f c..r.a.z..y a.ll fo.r t.he
l...o..ve o..f
you.