Genetics

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(No Transcript)
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Gregor Mendel
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Vocabulary
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Pisum sativum
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Genetic Crosses
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Mendels Laws
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Dominance
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Pisum sativum
GregorMendel
GeneticCrosses
MendelsLaws
Dominance
Vocabulary
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Took courses in this subject at the University of
Vienna that later helped him with his genetic
studies
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What is mathematics or statistics?
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Mendel did research on this --- the transmission
of characteristics from parent to offspring
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What is heredity?
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Number of traits Mendel observed in his study
with pea plants
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What is Seven?
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Mendel used this to transfer pollen from the
anther to the stigma of flowers
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What is a small paint brush?
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Mendel was able to document the traits of each
pea generation by controlling this
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What is pollination?
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Two forms of a Gene
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What are alleles?
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Genotype referred to as being Pure
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What is homozygous?
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Heterozygous genotypes are also called this
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What are hybrids?
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Two forms that a gene or allele may take
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What are dominant or recessive?
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Mendel stated that physical traits were inherited
as these
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What are particles?
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Pure parent pea plants are obtained by doing this
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What is allow to self-pollinate?
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Recessive seed shape in Mendels peas
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What is wrinkled?
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Flower part that produces pollen
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What is the stamen?
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Mendel was able to cross 2 hybrids by doing this
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What is transfer pollen himself or
cross-pollinate?
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Actual observed ratio that Mendel got from an F1
monohybrid Cross
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What is 2.961?
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Cross involving 2 traits
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What is dihybrid?
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Used to solve genetic crosses
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What is a Punnett Square?
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Percentage of tall pea plants resulting from an
F1 Monohybrid Cross
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What is 75?
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Another name for an F2 Monohybrid Cross
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What is a testcross?
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Genotypic ratio for an F2 Monohybrid Cross
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What is 11?
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Number of P1 traits that fail to appear in
Mendels F1 pea plants
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What is one?
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Trait that appeared in the F1 generation was
controlled by this factor or allele
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What is dominant?
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Separation of factors or alleles during the
formation of gametes
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What is the Law of Segregation?
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Dihybrid Crosses showed that alleles arent
connected when being distributed to gametes
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What is the Law of Independent Assortment?
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Daily Double!!
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Number of Possible allele Combinations in an F1
Dihybrid Cross
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What is four?
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Used to represent alleles or factors that mask
others
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What is a Capital Letter?
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States that recessive trait alleles have no
effect on phenotype when paired with a dominant
trait allele
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What is the Law of Dominance?
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Gives hybrids an appearance in between the
phenotypes of the two parents
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What is Incomplete Dominance?
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Multiple alleles for human blood type is an
example
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What is Codominance?
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Type of dominance shown in Mendels pea plant
crosses
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What is Complete Dominance?
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Double Jeopardy!!
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Genetic Ratios
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Genetic Disorders
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Genes
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Sex-Linked
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Mutations
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Human Genetics
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Genetic Ratios
Genetic Disorders
Sex-linked
Human Genetics
Genes
Mutations
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P1 Monohybrid genotypic ratio
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What is All Alike?
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F1 Monohybrid genotypic ratio
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What is 121?
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F2 Monohybrid genotypic ratio
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What is 11?
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F1 Dihybrid Phenotypic ratio
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What is 9331?
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Probability of getting hybrids from an F1
Monohybrid Cross
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What is 50 or ½?
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Family record showing the inheritance of a trait
over several generations
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What is a pedigree?
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Type of mutation that causes death, often before
birth
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What is a lethal mutation?
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Genetic disorder that produces a defective form
of hemoglobin
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What is sickle cell anemia?
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Chromosome mutation resulting in Down Syndrome
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What is nondisjunction?
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Genetic disorder in which the body can not
metabolize the amino acid phenylalanine
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What is PKU?
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Alternate forms of a Gene
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What are alleles?
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Genes are carried on these
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What are chromosomes?
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Shows the linear sequence of genes on a chromosome
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What is a chromosome map?
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Gene mutation involving a single nucleotide
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What is a point mutation?
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Genes found on the same chromosome are said to be
this
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What is linked?
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Genotype for males
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What is XY?
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Sex chromosome that carries the most genes
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What is the X chromosome?
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X-linked disease usually in males that impairs
the ability of blood to clot
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What is hemophilia?
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Females that do not express a trait but can pass
the trait on to their offspring
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What are carriers?
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The presence of male or female hormones affects
these traits
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What are sex-influenced traits?
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A mutation may take place in any of these
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What is a cell?
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Mutations that arent passed on to offspring
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What are somatic mutations?
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Organisms with these have a better chance of
reproducing
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What is a beneficial mutation?
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Loss of a piece of a chromosome due to
chromosomal breakage
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What is a deletion?
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Daily Double!!
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Condition in which a zygote has only 45
chromosomes
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What is monosomy?
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Trait controlled by two or more genes such as eye
or skin color
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What is a polygenic trait?
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Genetic disorder found in European Jews in which
the nervous system of infants deteriorates
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What is Tay-Sachs disease?
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Genetic disorder carried on the X chromosome
resulting in the wasting away of muscles
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What is muscular dystrophy?
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XXY chromosomes in a male
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What is Klinefelters syndrome?
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Screening for this disorder is performed
immediately after birth in the United States
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What is PKU?
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Final Jeopardy
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This type of dominance occurs when heterozygous
individuals dominant homozygous individuals are
indistinguishable in phenotype
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What is complete dominance?