Bellwork

1
Bellwork

• answer the following
• What led to the Civil War?
• How would new territory from the Louisiana
  Purchase and the wars with Mexico cause problems?

2
The Road to the Civil War

• Causes

3
Steps to the Civil War

• 3/5 Compromise
• Industrial Revolution
• Missouri Compromise
• Nullification crisis (States rights vs. National
  Government)
• Wars with Mexico
• Compromise of 1850 (Fugitive Slave Act)
• Kansas-Nebraska Act
• Abolition movement
• Dred Scott Decision
• Abraham Lincoln

4
History of Missouri

• Missouri Compromise

5
Missouri Compromise

• 1818
• Missouri Territory has sufficient population to
  become a state
• Missouri petitions Congress for admission to the
  Union as a state

6
Missouri Compromise

• The U.S. in 1818
• 22 states in the U.S.
• 11 free states, 11 slave states
• Balance of power between slave and free states
• Free states control House of Representatives
• 105 votes to 81
• Equal representation in Senate
• Each faction has power to prevent passage of
  legislation not to its liking

7
Missouri Compromise

• Slavery in the South
• Integral part of Southern life and culture for
  200 years
• Economy dependent upon slavery for agriculture

8
Missouri Compromise

• 1819
• Majority of Missouri settlers are from the South
• More than 2,000 slaves live in Missouri Territory
• Missouri expected to become a slave state
• Missouri Statehood Bill goes to House of
  Representatives

9
Missouri Compromise

• NY Rep James Tallmadge proposes amendment to ban
  slavery in Missouri
• Forbid importation of slaves
• Emancipation of all slaves born in Missouri
• February, 1819 Amendment passes in House, but
  not in Senate
• U.S. again confronted with volatile issue of
  spread of slavery into new territories and states

10
Missouri Compromise

• 1820
• Missouri statehood controversy becomes a national
  issue as slavery is debated
• January Maine petitions Congress for statehood
• March 3 Compromise is reached

11
Missouri Compromise - Results

• The compromise will allow Missouri to enter the
  Union as a slave state, and Maine to enter as a
  free state
• Balance of power will remain the same in Congress
  with an equal number of slave and free states

12
Missouri Compromise

• Henry Clay, Speaker of the House, is regarded as
  the author of the compromise

13
Missouri Compromise - Results

• Attempts to address issue of further spread of
  slavery
• 36 30 N. latitude line
• (southern boundary of Missouri)
• Louisiana Purchase territory north of the line
  will be free (except Missouri)
• Louisiana Purchase territory south of the line
  will be slave
• Slavery confrontation is postponed

14
Missouri Compromise - Results

• 36 30 North Latitude Line

15
Missouri Compromise ? Statehood

• 1820
• June Delegates meet in St. Louis to draw up a
  constitution
• July Missouris first Constitution is adopted
• August Missouris first state elections are
  held and the first governor is elected

16
Missouri Compromise ? Statehood

• Missouri Constitution is sent to Congress for
  approval
• Missouri Constitution
• Provision barring immigration of free blacks
• Northern Congressman object

17
Missouri Compromise - Again

• 2nd Missouri Compromise is necessary
• Missouri legislature makes solemn promise never
  to carry out the provision
• Pledge nothing in the Missouri constitution will
  be interpreted to abridge the rights of citizens
  of the U.S.
• Charter is approved and Missouri is admitted to
  the Union

18
Missouri Compromise ? Statehood

• In 1821
• August 10 Missouri becomes the 24th state of
  the Union
• St. Charles is the state capitol until a
  permanent location is later designated
• (A bill to create the State Seal was not adopted
  until January 11, 1822)

19
Missouri Compromise ? Statehood

• James Monroe is President of the United States
  when Missouri becomes a state
• Alexander McNair is Missouris first Governor

20
Nullification Crisis

• The southern states had a tradition of believing
  that states rights should rule over the National
  government
• Thought states should be able to nullify acts
  they thought were unconstitutional
• When challenged on their states rights, Southern
  states threatened to secede or leave the Union.

21
Wars with Mexico

• The wars with Mexico caused the US to gain more
  territory
• Again question over slavery.
• Should slavery be allowed?
• This led to the Compromise of 1850

22
Compromise of 1850

• Californiafree state
• Utah and New Mexico could decide slave or free
  for themselves
• Stricter fugitive slave laws
• Slaves who run away to the North must be returned
  to their owners
• Slave trade not slavery is banned in Washington DC

23
Kansas-Nebraska Act

• Problems arise when Kansas and Nebraska are
  organized into territories
• They are north of the Missouri line
• Question should the territory decide slavery?
• This would dissolve the Missouri Compromise
• Debate is violent in Congress
• The Act passes
• Allows Kansas and Nebraska territories to decide
  slavery.
• Louisiana territory is now open to slavery

24
Bleeding Kansas

• A border war results between Missouri and Kansas
• The Jayhawks vs. the Bushwhackers
• This spread to Congress
• Northern Congressman, Charles Sumner was beaten
  by Preston Brooks for verbally attacking his
  uncle.

25
Abolition movement

• People who wanted to abolish slavery were known
  as abolitionists
• Some helped slaves escape through a system of
  routes known as the Underground Railroad.
• Harriet Tubman
• Abolitionist movement gets national attention
  with the book Uncle Toms Cabin
• made slavery into a moral issue.
• Southern states see it as a states rights issue

26
Dred Scott decision

• Dred Scott was a slave in Missouri
• His owner took him into free Illinois and
  Wisconsin.
• Scott claimed living in territory made him free
• He appealed to the Supreme Court
• Supreme Court ruled against him because he was
  not a citizen
• Said 5th amendment protected property anywhere in
  the US.

27
Harpers ferry

• John Brown plotted a slave rebellion
• With 18 men, black and white
• He was going to capture the federal arsenal at
  Harpers Ferry, Virginia and then distribute the
  arms to slaves to start an uprising.
• 10 of his men were killed, Brown is captured and
  executed
• The North mourned him, the South celebrated his
  death.

28
Abraham Lincoln is president

• The election has 4 candidates
• 2 from the Democrats
• 1 Republican Lincoln
• 1 from the constitutional Union
• Lincoln says hell stop the spread of slavery but
  wont mess with slavery in Southern states
• South calls him a Black Republican and the
  greatest evil
• Lincoln isnt even on the ballot in some southern
  states.

29
Lincoln wins

• Lincoln wins with no electoral votes in the South
  and less than ½ of the popular vote.
• Things look bad
• They fear losing their way of life
• South thinks that they have lost their voice in
  the national government
• One month before Lincoln is inaugurated, Southern
  delegates seceded and formed the Confederate
  States of America
• Jefferson Davis becomes president of the
  Confederacy
• America is split into 2 parts Union and
  Confederacy.