NEESRSG Lifelines Project

1
NEESR-SG Lifelines Project

• RESULTS of FULL-SCALE TEST on
• 16-inch HDPE PIPE
• by
• Dr. Michael Palmer, PE
• Research Associate, Cornell University

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PRESENTATION OUTLINE

• Overview
• Compaction and Density
• Strain Gage Performance
• Test Results
• Deformed Shape Measurements
• Post-Test Laser Profiling

3
OVERVIEW

• Movable box displaced 4 ft at a rate of 1 ft per
  minute along a -65 deg fault
• Displacement will induce tension and bending in
  the pipe
• Strain gages, load cells and test basin performed
  well
• Symmetrical results
• Video and Laser Profiling Results

4
Compaction and Density

• The following slide presents results from density
  and moisture content monitoring during fill
  placement
• Three curves are shown representing north basin,
  south basin, and overall average
• Target density was 100 pcf. Measured densities
  ranged from 97-102 pcf.
• Target moisture content was 4. Measured
  moisture contents were 3.25-5.25

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Compaction and Density
6
Strain Gage Performance

• 148 strain gages
• 72 longitudinal and 76 circumferential
• 60 of the gages were 20 gages
• 23 gage failures
• Only 4 gages failed prior to 36 inches of
  displacement
• 3 of the failures were 20 gages

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Summary of Test Results

• Maximum axial strain 8
• Maximum circumferential strain 4.5
• Reaction at pipe end 118 kips
• Crown/invert and east/west springlines showed
  symmetrical results

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Crown Strains
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East Springline Strains
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East and West Springline Strains
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Strain Symmetry

• In the following slide, the strains from the
  west springline were folded over to lie on top of
  the strains from the east springline for the
  purpose of illustrating the symmetry the strain
  measurements

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East and West Springline Strains
13
Tensile and Bending Strain

• In the following slide, the average springline
  strain is shown in black. The direct tension
  strain shown in blue is the average strain from
  the crown and invert gages. The bending strain
  shown in red is the average springline strain
  minus the average direct tension strain.

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Springline Tensile and Bending Strain
15
Pipe Deformation

• In the following slide, the predicted and
  measured deformation of the test pipe is shown.
• The curve labeled probe is the measured
  deflected shape using a steel probe to find the
  pipe through the side of the test basin.
• The curve labeled laser is the same shape
  measured using a laser shot through the open end
  of the test pipe.
• The curve marked abaqus is the predicted shape
  using an ABAQUS model with soil spring values of
  about 7 klf in accordance with Turner(2004).
• The curve marked 3klf is the predicted shape
  using the same ABAQUS model with soil spring
  values of 3 klf.

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Pipe Deformation
17
Laser Profiling and Video

• Pre- and Post-test laser profiling and video by
  ULC Robotics
• Following slides show excerpts of video and
  profiling at select locations
• Ovaling and racking of the pipe is clearly evident

18
Laser Profiling Results

• The following three slides show snapshots of the
  pre- and post-test laser profiling of the pipe
  interior.
• The top photo is pre-test and the bottom is
  post-test.
• The first is taken 5 ft south of the fault. The
  second is at the fault, and the third is 7.5 ft
  north of the fault.
• Ovaling alone is shown in the second slide while
  both ovaling and racking are evident in the first
  and last slide.

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