Affirmative Action

1
Affirmative Action
2
Ks Employment - The Major Votes
Fullilove
Wygant
Croson
Metro
Adarand
X
Rehnquist
X
X
X
X
Stevens
X
X
O
O
O
X
OConnor
X
X
X
X
X
Scalia
X
X
X
Kennedy
X
X
Souter, Ginsburg, Breyer
O
Thomas
X
Blackmun, Brennan, Marshall
O
O
O
O
3
The pre-Roberts Lineup
Ginsburg Breyer
OConnor Souter
Rehnquist Kennedy Scalia Thomas
Stevens
education
individual
X
Y
Y
hiring
X
X
if past
ct-ordered hiring
Y
probably
Y
layoffs
X
X
Y
federal contracts
if past
X
Y
Y
state contracts
X
X
if past
4
Issues and Justifications
5
Factors In Affirmative Action

• Programs
• school admissions
• initial hiring
• layoff of existing workers
• competing contractors
• Beneficiaries
• identifiable discriminatees
• targeted groups
• any minority
• Decision-maker
• court
• Congress
• state
• school

6
Race Voting
7
United Jewish Org. v. Carey (1977)
no majority - 2 theories 1) AG has power b/c
Cong has power under 14th 2) no fencing out of
group so may use race to avoid violation of VRA
3
2
1
8
United Jewish Org. v. Carey (1977)
3
2
1
9
United Jewish Org. v. Carey (1977)
3
2
1
10
Shaw v. Reno (1993)
2 previous claims denial dilution analytically
distinct claim segregate voters
1
5
3
4
12
2
11
Georgia 2002
12
Atlanta 2002
13
Texas 2001
14
DFW 2004
15
DFW
2000 Election
2002 Election
16
Utah 1991
17
Utah 1991 (SL County)
18
Districts
19
Districts / At-Large
100 voters 60 W 40 B
20 voters in each district
20
Districts / Cumulative 1
5 votes per person 60 W voters 40 B voters
21
Districts / Cumulative 2
5 votes per person 60 W voters 40 B voters
22
Districts / Cumulative 3