Developing a Conceptual Context

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Developing a Conceptual Context

• N295
• May 3, 2005

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Theory

• Classic vs Descriptive
• Classic
• Abstract generalization of a phenomenon

• Descriptive theory
• Broad characterization that describes a phenomenon

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Traditional Theories

• Grand theories
• Explains large segments of human experience
• Learning theory
• Sociological theory

• Middle-range theories
• Focus on narrow range of experience
• Attempt to explain such things as stress,
  self-care, infant attachment

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Conceptual Models

• Compared to theory
• Represent a less formal attempt to organize
  phenomenon
• Not linked in a logically ordered, deductive
  system
• More loosely structured than grand theories

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Non-Nursing Models

• Lazarus and Folkmans Theory of Stress and Coping
• Banduras Social Cognitive Theory
• Health Belief Model

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Theories in Quantitative Research

• Test a theory
• Researchers develop research hypotheses
• Comparison between observed outcomes and those
  predicted in hypotheses
• Test two competing theories
• Important to compare using similar designs/samples

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Using a model or theory as an Organizing Structure

• Do not test or validate theory
• Provide a method to organize/structure studies

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Framework

• Framework for your study is an explanation based
  on the literature you have read of how the
  variables in your study relate to each other and
  why
• Brink Wood p. 45

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Schematic Models

• Sometimes referred to as conceptual maps
• Represent phenomena graphically using symbols or
  diagrams

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Frameworks

• Not all studies are based on a theory or
  conceptual model
• But every study has a framework
• Skeleton of a study
• Provides strength/structure to study
• Concepts of study are defined and operationalized
  in conceptual framework

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Theories and conceptual models

• Neither can be proved
• Not final or verifiable
• Make research findings meaningful
• Linking findings into a structure make the
  evidence more accessible and useful
• Help to stimulate research by providing direction

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Nursing and Non-nursing Models

• Conceptual Models of Nursing
• Four central concepts
• Person, environment, health, nursing
• Roys Adaptation Model
• Orems Self-Care Model
• Health Promotion Model

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Conceptual Models