Chapter 1 Introduction to Computer Networks and Data Communications

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Chapter 1Introduction to Computer Networks and
Data Communications
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Learning Objectives

• Define the basic terminology of computer networks
• Recognize the individual components of the big
  picture of computer networks
• Outline the basic network connections
• Define the term convergence and describe how it
  applies to computer networks
• Cite the reasons for using a network architecture
  and explain how they apply to current network
  systems
• List the layers of the OSI model and describe the
  duties of each layer
• List the layers of the TCP/IP protocol suite and
  describe the duties of each layer
• Compare the OSI model and TCP/IP protocol suite
  and list their differences and similarities

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Communication

• The transmission of a signal by way of a medium
  from sender to receiver

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Communication Problems

• Completeness comprehension
• Attenuation noises
• Competing resources
• Routing addressing
• Security

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Networks

• Computer network
• Voice network
• Data network
• Local area network
• Metropolitan area network
• Wide area network
• Personal area network
• Network management

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Data Communications

• Data Communications
• The movement of computer information (data) from
  one point to another by means of electrical or
  optical transmission systems
• Is a sub-field of telecommunications
• Telecommunications
• Includes the transmission of voice and video as
  well as data

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Network Configurations

• Computer terminal-to-mainframe computer
• Microcomputer-to-mainframe computer
• Microcomputer-to-local area network
• Microcomputer-to-Internet
• Local area network-to-local area network
• Local area network-to-metropolitan area network
• Personal area network-to-workstation
• Local area network-to-wide area network
• Sensor-to-local area network
• Satellite and microwave
• Wireless telephone and wired telephone-to-network

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Convergence

• An Additional Basic Connection
  telephone-to-network
• Telephone systems are ubiquitous and now carry
  more data than voice
• Common configuration telephone connected to
  POTS
• Newer configuration (VoIP) telephone-to-LAN via
  gateway or telephone to gateway via DSL/cable

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Network Components

• Hardware
• Computer
• Network Interface Card (NIC)
• Hub
• Switch
• Bridge
• Router
• Software
• Network protocols

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Network Architectures

• A reference model that describes the layers of
  hardware and software necessary to transmit data
  between two points or for multiple devices /
  applications to interoperate
• Reference models are necessary to increase
  likelihood that different components from
  different manufacturers will converse
• Two models to learn OSI model and TCP/IP
  protocol suite

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The OSI Model
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OSI vs. The Internet
Application
Transport
Network
Interface
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Logical vs. Physical Connection
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