Ravi K' Sharma, PhD

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Spatio-Temporal Visualization of Environmental
Health Indicators

• Ravi K. Sharma, PhD
• Bambang Parmanto, PhD
• Pei Chen Lee, Ms
• Conrad Daniel Volz Jr, DrPH
• University of Pittsburgh,
• Graduate School of Public Health
• University of Pittsburgh

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Objective

• Demonstration of different ways to visualize
  spatio-temporal environmental and health
  indicators using
• (1) STIS Space Time Information System and
• (2) ESTAT Exploratory Spatio-Temporal Analysis
  Toolkit.
• The STIS application is illustrated using data
  from a study assessing the relationship between
  PM10 birth weight.
• The ESTAT is illustrated using arsenic, smoking,
  and lung cancer mortality rates.

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STIS Space Time Information System
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Dynamic Data Exploration

• STIS provides interactive visualization for your
  space-time data.
• Maps
• Box plots
• Histograms
• Time plots
• Parallel coordinate plots
• Scatter plots
• Moran scatter plots
• Variogram clouds

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Data used for STIS

• Birth data from the Allegheny County Health
  Department, Pittsburgh, PA
• Term singleton live births (gestational age 37
  weeks and birth weight lt2500 grams)
• Born between January 1, 1994 and December 31,
  2000
• N 81,341 term singleton births

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Method (Cont.)

• Quarterly PM10 air pollution concentrations for
  each census tract were obtained from RANDs
  center for Population Health and Health
  Disparities Data Core.
• PM10 concentrations were calculated by inverse
  distance weighted method.

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STIS SoftwareSpace-Time Information System
(STIS)
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MapMaternal Race ( African American)
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ResultsMaternal Race vs. Mean Birth Weight
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Map Box PlotMaternal Education ( less than
high school)
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What is a Box Plot?
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Map HistogramSmoking During Pregnancy ()
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Spatial Map of Family Poverty by Municipality
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Spatial Map of Annual Household Income less
than 15,000 by Municipality
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Spatio-Temporal MapTerm Low Birth Weight Rate
Over Time by Municipality
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Spatio-Temporal Clustering Term Low Birth Weight
Rate Over Time-Local Moran
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Spatio-Temporal MapPM10 First Trimester Exposure
by Municipality
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Time PlotPM10 First Trimester Exposure-Time Plot
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Spatio-Temporal Map of ClustersPM10 First
Trimester Exposure-Local Moran
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Spatio-Temporal MapPM10 Second Trimester
Exposure by Municipality
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Time PlotPM10 Second Trimester Exposure-Time Plot
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Spatio-Temporal ClustersPM10 Second Trimester
Exposure-Local Moran
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Spatio-Temporal MapsPM10 Third Trimester
Exposure by Municipality
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Time PlotPM10 Third Trimester Exposure-Time Plot
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Parallel Coordinate PlotPM10 Exposure in the
1st, 2nd and 3rd Trimester
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Spatio-Temporal ClustersPM10 Third Trimester
Exposure-Local Moran
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What To Do With Small Numbers?
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Smooth Rates Using Empirical Bayes
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Smoothed Mean Birth Weights
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Geographically Weighted Regression
Coefficient and P-value PM10 and LBW
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Geographically Weighted Regression
Coefficient PM10 and LBW
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Geographically Weighted Regression
P-value PM10 and LBW
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• ESTAT Geovisualization toolkit has been developed
  by the GeoVISTA Center in close cooperation with
  users at the National Cancer Institute. The ESTAT
  toolkit provides user-friendly, open-source
  software designed to support exploratory
  geographic visualization.
• http//www.geovista.psu.edu/ESTAT/

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Internet based SOVAT (Spatial OLAP Visualization
and Analytical Tool)
The iSOVAT Tool being developed at University of
Pittsburgh will have spatiotemporal
visualization and rate smoothing functionality