The Americas

1
The Americas

• The Same Oldin a New World

2
Background

• Which of the countries listed in the key have
  been major players in the Age of Exploration so
  far?
• Who are some new players to the Exploration
  Game?
• What do you notice about where colonies are? Why?

3
Today

• You will see
• European Colonization of Americas
• A Battle for North America
• A New Economic System

4
Important Questions

• As information is presentedkeep the Big
  Questions in mind.
• You will be asked to answer them (and know them
  for the test) after each section is done.

5
Big Question 1

• How did Spanish invaders conquer the Native
  American empires?

6
The Building of the Spanish Empire

• Where do you think the Spanish Colonial Empire
  will be? Why?

7
Major Pre-Columbian Native American Peoples

• Who do they meet?
• Aztec
• Mayan
• Incan
• Millions strong
• Advanced civilizations
• Large Cities

8
Pre-Columbus Central America
9
Incan Empire
10
Why did they go?

• Rumors of
• Colonies

11
First Encounters

• Columbus1492
• Where did he sail?
• Conquistadors
• Conquerors
• Disease
• No immunity
• 90

12
Hérnan Cortés
13
The Aztec Conquest

• An example of Spanish conquest
• Video
• Important ideas
• Montezuma (king of Tenochtitlan)
• Cortez (leader of the Conquistadors)
• Tenochtitlan (island city)

14
Reasons for Victory

• Superior Military Technology (horses, guns,
  armor)
• Division among Native American groups
• Disease

15
The Spanish Empire
16
Spanish Colonial Culture

• Provinces (colonies)
• Viceroysrepresentatives of the king
• The Catholic Church
• Spanish missions
• Blending of cultures
• Cities, slaves, and society

17
Big Question 2

• Who wins the rights to settle North America? Why?

18
Who are the main two main colonial powers in
North America?
Who would you think would win war between these
two powers?
19
Players

• By the 1600s
• Spain
• France
• Netherlands
• England
• By the 1700s
• England
• France

20
New France

• The New Idea
• Native American Allies
• Slow Growth
• No gold
• Farming, fur, and fish

21
The 13 English Colonies

• Reasons for English Colonies
• Religious Freedoms
• Commercial Interest
• Early Colonies
• Jamestown, Virginia1607
• Plymouth, Massachusetts1620
• Mayflower Compact?

22
A Bitter Fight

• England v. France
• An International War
• Europe, North America, Africa, Asia
• French and Indian War (1754-1763)
• British vs. French and Indians!!!
• Seven Years War

23
Advantages in N.A. Theater

• France
• Alliances with Native Americans
• Better Army

• England
• More People
• Better Navy

24
And the winner is

• Treaty of Paris (1763)
• England dominates North America

25
The Losers?
26
Native American Impact

• Wars and Disease
• Adoption of technology
• Combination of cultures

27
Big Question 3

• How did European exploration lead to a global
  exchange?

28
History in Africa

• Portuguese Expansion
• Where?
• Many European Settlements in 1400s
• Spanish Empire needs labor
• The Triangular Trade
• A system of exchange (trade) between Europe,
  America, and Africa based on individual needs of
  each contient.

29
(No Transcript)
30
Triangle Trade

• EuropeCenter of Manufacturing
• NEEDS RAW MATERIALS
• AfricaCenter of Labor (slaves)
• NEEDS MANUFACTURED GOODS
• AmericasCenter of Raw Materials
• NEEDS LABOR

31
The Middle Passage

• Middle Passage
• The travel from Africa to the Americas during
  which slaves endured horrible conditions.
• Slaves usually captured by African kings and put
  on ships to America

32
Middle Passage Quotes

• Think
• Who is speaking?
• Words to describe life on the Middle Passage?

33
Middle Passage

• I was soon put down under the decks, and there I
  received such a salutation in my nostrils as I
  had never experienced in my life so that with
  the loathsomeness of the stench and crying
  together, I became so sick and low that I was not
  able to eat, nor had I the least desire to taste
  anything
• Olaudah Equiano

34
Middle Passage

• The deck that is the floor of their rooms, was
  so covered with blood and mucus which had
  proceeded from them in consequence of the flux
  that it resembled a slaughter-house. It is not in
  the power of human imagination, to picture itself
  a situation more dreadful or disgusting
• Alexander Falconbridge

35
Middle Passage

• This morning buryed sic a woman slave (No.
  47). Know not what to say she died of for she has
  not been properly alive since she first came on
  board
• John Newton

36
Middle Passage

• Who spoke?
• What words describe the Middle Passage?
• Legacy?
• Dependence on slave labor
• A new economy

37
The Old Economy

• A nation (state) controlled the means of
  production.
• Example Wool-based economy
• MoPPastureland, Sheep, Sheers
• Most nations Agriculture-based.
• Public leaders held most money and controlled
  which areas to go into.

38
Globalization and a New Economy

• Globalization
• An increased dependence on foreign nations for
  goods and labor.
• Mercantilism
• The attempt of nations to control the largest
  part of a fixed amount of wealth.
• Capitalism
• The system in which money is invested by private
  investors in private companies to make a profit
  from that companys production.

39
Globalization Activity

• Build something
• Various Resources

On to Mercantilism
40
MercantilismA summary

• The following ideas, lumped together, may be
  called mercantilism
• (1) Bullionism was the belief that the economic
  health of a nation could be measured by the
  amount of precious metal, gold, or silver, which
  it possessed. The rise of a money economy, the
  stimulation produced by the influx of bullion
  from America, the fact that taxes were collected
  in money, all seemed to support the view that
  hard money was the source of prosperity,
  prestige, and strength.(2) Bullionism dictated
  a favorable balance of trade. That is, for a
  nation to have gold on hand at he end oft he
  year, it must export more than it imports.
  Exports were later defined to include money spent
  on freight, or insurance, or travel.(3) Each
  nation tried to achieve economic
  self-sufficiency. Those who founded new
  industries should be rewarded by the state.(4)
  Thriving agriculture should be carefully
  encouraged. Domestic production not only
  precluded imports of food, but farmers also
  provided a base for taxation.(5) Regulated
  commerce could produce a favorable balance of
  trade. In general, tariffs should be high on
  imported manufactured goods and low on imported
  raw material.(6) Sea power was necessary to
  control foreign markets. A powerful merchant
  fleet would obviate the necessity of using the
  ships of another nation and becoming dependent on
  foreign assistance. In addition, a fleet in being
  could add to a nation's prestige and military
  power.(7) Colonies could provide captive
  markets for manufactured goods and sources of raw
  material.(8) A large population was needed to
  provide a domestic labor force to people
  colonies.(9) Luxury items were to be avoided
  because they took money out of the economy
  unnecessarily.(10) state action was needed to
  regulate and enforce the above policies. One
  might add that there was nothing logical or
  consistent about mercantilism, and that it
  displayed, in fact, enormous variation.

41
Mercantilism Activity

• Everyone --Bullion
• Keep hidden
• Random pick
• Most at end wins
• Globalization tie in
• Everyone starts with something
• Mercantilism
• Globalization..trade and resources

42
Big Question 2
Big Question 1

• How did Spanish invaders conquer the Native
  American empires?

• Who wins the rights to settle North America? Why?

Big Question 3

• How did European exploration lead to a global
  exchange?