Green Ship Initiative

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Green Ship Initiative
Dennis Donahue NOAA - GLERL
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Regional Responsibility
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Motivation / Deterrent
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Project MotivationsGreen Ship Initiative

• Seafaring Federal Agency
• Environmental mission
• Lower ecosystem impact
• Reduce workplace health hazards
• Advance renewable technologies
• Lessen dependence on fossil fuels
• Technology transfer

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Green Ship Focus Areas

• Fuel
• Emissions
• Renewable Products
• Overboard Discharge
• Energy Efficiency
• Emerging Technologies
• Best Management Practices

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Marine Gasoline Fuel Alternatives

• Options for two-cycle recreational fleet
• Ethanol Project 2006
• E10, E85, E100
• Bio Based (Canola) two-cycle motor oil

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Diesel Fuel Emissions
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Diesel Fuel Background

• 2 Marine 5-8,000ppm sulfur
• Low Sulfur Petroleum (500ppm)
• BioDiesel Blends (B5, B20)
• B5 fuel additive
• B20 alternative fuel
• BioDiesel (B100)
• 100 bio oil (soy, canola)
• True alternative fuel
• Zero sulfur

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Emissions Reduction Options

• New Engine Technologies (2006 compliant)
• Legacy Fleet?
• Lower Sulfur Fuels (500ppm, 15ppm petroleum)
• 5 Year Implementation
• Bunker C?
• After-treatments
• Particulate Filters
• Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR)
• Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR)
• Alternative Fuels (B20, B100,Ethanol, Hydrogen)
• All of the Above

Require ultra low sulfur fuels
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B100 Environmental Benefits

• Emissions and life cycle C02 reductions
• At 5,000 gallons per season

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NOx Reduction Technologies

• EGR 20-50
• SCR 70
• Modified Injection 20 -80
• Water Emulsification 20-50

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SCR Installation

• Selective Catalyst Reduction activated catalyst
  coating on ceramic exhaust filter
• 2007 R/V Laurentian installation
• 90 reduction in NOx expected
• B100 SCR exceeds EPA emissions targets for 2012

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Biodiesel Emissions Reductions
B100 Compared to 2 Petroleum Diesel
Emission Type Regulated Total Unburned
Hydrocarbons -67 Carbon Monoxide -48
Particulate Matter -47 Nox (with
SRC) -70 Non-Regulated Sulfa
tes -100 PAH (Polycyclic
Aromatic Hydrocarbons) -80 nPAH (nitrated
PAHs) -90 Ozone potential of speciated
HC -50
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• Marine Exhaust Environmental Impact
• Direct vector to sensitive aquatic ecosystems
• Higher biodegradation rate (4X)
• Lower toxicity larval fish kill (15X)

B100
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Crew Exposure to Exhaust Plume
Health and Safety Higher flash point (125F vs.
300F) PAH carcinogens (50-90 reductions) Less
offensive odor seasickness
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Marine B100

• Opportunity
• Environment
• Renewable Energy
• Reduce Foreign Oil
• Health Safety
• Reduce Cost
• Extend Engine Life
• Advance New Technology

• Challenges
• Misinformation
• Limited Field Experience
• OEM Endorsement
• Availability / Cost
• Technical Issues
• New Regulatory Frontiers

/- RISK
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B100 Operational Challenges
Cold Flow Properties

• Realities
• Water temperature moderates air temperatures
• Larger tank sizes moderate ambient temperatures
• Heated engine room is sufficient
• Redesigned pumps and filters can function over
  broad viscosity range
• Good freeze / thaw recovery
• Avoid skin tanks
• Utilize fuel heat exchangers

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B100 Operational Challenges
Detergency

• Realities
• Cost effective preventive maintenance
• Reduced injector maintenance
• Filter change frequency stabilizes at three tank
  turns
• Duplex filtration is recommended

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B100 Operational ChallengesMaterial Compatibility

• Engine Inspections
• 5-Year overhaul
• Injectors and heads annually
• No problems with OEM components
• Minor system problems
• PVC hose outer casings
• Painted surfaces
• Un-insulated fuel tanks

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B100 Operational ChallengesBTU Penalty (3)

• Offset by operating practice
• Idle time limits
• Maintenance
• Offset by B100 properties
• Reduced injector maintenance
• Eliminated bunker and line overhaul
• Eliminated stack maintenance
• Improved boiler performance

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Great Lakes
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Regional Economic Relevance
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Regional Economic Relevance
Increased Capacity Lower cost
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Storage and Handling Advantages Bulk quantity
discounts 40 for small boats Improved fueling
options Higher flash point Non hazardous DOT
rating
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Project Scope B100 GLERL
9 engines (1968-2004) Caterpillar -1 Cummins
- 6 John Deere 1 Detroit 1

• 7 years
• 86,000 gallons
• 3 vessels

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• B100 4 additional NOAA vessels in 2006

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2007 Two Commercial Towing Companies
Six University Research Vessels
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National Park Service - Channel Islands
6 years 100,000 gallons
RV Pacific Ranger
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May 2007
Category 12
Great Lakes Maritime Academy
October 2007
Category 3 Engines
1st Cat. 3 Engines on B100
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• B100 -Public Vessels
• Marketing opportunities
• Image and customer comfort
• Cost advantage

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B100 Auxiliary Power
SSV Dennis Sullivan
SSV Corwith Cramer
SSV Robert Seamans
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GLERL Green Ship Initiative National Impact
2007 Projections Over 40 vessels Over 500,000
gallons
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100 Biobased Vessel

• B100 Fuel
• Bio Based Oils
• Power Transmission
• Hydraulics
• Lubricants

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• Incidental Spills Environmental Impact
• Direct vector to sensitive aquatic ecosystems
• Higher biodegradation rate (4X)
• Lower toxicity larval fish kill (15X)

Bio-Based Oils
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Next Steps

• Install and document NOx reduction systems
• Quantify long term effects on engine components
• Complete field tests of Bio crankcase oils
• Technology transfer
• Government and Military
• Inland / Coastal Commercial
• Recreational

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Future Innovations

• Camless Engines Multi-fuel
• Hydrogen Onboard generation
• Ethanol in Compression Engines

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www.glerl.noaa.gov
dennis.donahue_at_noaa.gov