Forest Products Master Tree Farmer II

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ForestProductsMaster Tree Farmer II

• Eric L. TaylorExtension SpecialistTexas
  Cooperative Extension

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Forest Products

• Solid wood
• Bark
• Cellulose
• Pulp
• Sugar
• More than 5000 different products
• Many are produced more efficiently

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Objectives

• We will explore various forest products
• First, Look at timber supply trends
• Brief review of how products are quantified
• Describe common forest products
• Case Study
• Explore other forest products

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Tree Trends
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Tree Trends

• Faster grown
• Younger age at harvest
• Better Genes

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Timber Supply Trends

• More trees from fewer acres
• Smaller trees
• EXOTIC SPECIES

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Pine Forests of the U.S. South, 1995 (Million
Hectares)
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Age Class
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20 month old
Eucalyptus
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Influences on Wood Product Design

• Technology
• Competition
• No More Waste !!!

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How Products are Measured
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Cubic Foot

• 1 x 1 x 1 foot solid block of wood
• With or without bark
• Est. with volume table or equation

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Cord (standard)

• 4 feet high
• 8 feet long
• 4 foot bolts
• 128 cubic feet
• Wood
• Bark
• Air
• Dirt
• Leaves
• 96 cubic feet wood

4 feet
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Face Cord (firewood)

• 4 feet high
• 8 feet long
• Something less than 4 feet wide

32 sf
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Board Foot

• 12 x 12 X 1 144 cu in.
• Green dimensions
• Measure of the finished product from a tree
• Estimated from a LOG RULE
• Doyle
• Scribner Log Rule
• International Log Rule

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Weight

• Most raw products measured by GREEN weight in
  tons
• Moisture in tree
• Bark

Varies by region, species, growth,how long it
was cut

• Usable wood fiber varies with age and rate of
  growth
• A TON is a TON
• Most consistent an fair method
• Price quotes can be readily compared

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Weight
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ProductDefinitions
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Product definitions are generic! Minimum sizes
and other specifications will vary by location
and species being sold and by equipment of
purchasing mill
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Pulpwood

• Usually small trees
• 4 or 5 inches DBH
• Tops of larger trees
• Can also be the by-products from other mills
  (waste chips and slabs)
• Primarily used for paper products
• Least Valuable Product
• Dont let pulpwood price drive a deal

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Chip-N-Saw

• Small trees about 8 inches DBH
• Developed to produce lumber from small trees
  normally used for pulpwood
• Cut two 2 x 4s
• One 4 x 4 cant
• BIG pulpwood
• Often purchased on a per cord basis
• More commonly by the ton

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Chipper heads
How a Chip-N-Saw Works
Chips
Cant
Two 2 x 4s
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Sawtimber

• Medium to large-sized trees for lumber
• Minimum 10 inches DBH
• Maximum DBH 22
• Slabs and tops used for pulp/chips
• Historically purchased on stump on a per thousand
  board feet (MBF) basis
• Now purchased on a per ton basis

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Veneer Logs

• Small to large logs - depends upon species and
  mills capability
• Makes veneer, plywood and other
• Traditionally taken from base, free of knots, and
  straight
• Can bring 25-40 more than sawtimber

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Utility Poles

• Most valuable pine wood product
• Strict specifications on straightness, sweep,
  knots, etc.
• Longleaf great market opportunity
• Stand can grow out of pole class
• Bring 30-50 more than sawtimber

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So Why is This Important

• Merchandize
• Merchandize
• Merchandize
• Maximize Profit
• Minimize Waste
• Biggest Bang for Your Buck

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Case Study
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Modified Tree Length
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Modified Tree Length

• IP - Camden
• Grade Plywood Logs
• Measured lengths

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Chip-N-Saw
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Chip-N-Saw

• AFP in Teneha
• Tree length
• Cut to 17 iflt 25
• 5 top DIB
• 9 bottom DIB
• Somewhat straight and knot free
• A little defect is OK

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Longwood
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Longwood

• IP - Camden
• 17.5 to 62
• First 18 MUST be straight and free of defect
• Remaining can have defects
• Two 9 foot bolts for plywood or Chip-N-Saw

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Sawlog
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Sawlog

• TI - Diboll
• 29 to 64 log
• Less than 20 DIB
• Able to cut into the tops more
• Can have some ring knots
• They dont need to be as straight

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Pulpwood
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Pulpwood

• LPs OSB - Carthage
• Whats left over
• Tops up to 14 feet
• No specsJunk on the Truck

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Hardwood Sawlog
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Hardwood Sawlog

• Pallet mill - Jacksonville
• 5 min. top DIB

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Hardwood Pulpwood
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Hardwood Pulpwood

• Anthony Forest Product - Arp
• 5 bottom DIB
• 2 top DIB

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PolesLufkin Creosote
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PulpAbitibi Paper Mill - Lufkin
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FuelEverywhere!
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Why ?
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Wood ProductsSome you knowsome you wont
believe
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Solid Wood Products

• Lumber
• Flooring
• Wall paneling
• Posts, poles
• Pilings

• Barrels
• Roof and floor trusses
• Window and door
• Tool handles

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Solid Wood Products

• Shakes or shingles
• Charcoal
• Pallets
• Fuelwood
• Railroad ties

• Poles
• Mine timbers
• Furniture
• Molding

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Composite wood products

• Veneer
• Plywood
• Decorative paneling
• Insulation board
• Hardboard (Masonite)
• MDF

• Particle board
• OSB
• LVL
• PSL and Parallam
• Acoustic panels

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Composite wood products

• Excelsior
• SIPs
• Plywood/expanded-paper-core doors
• Wood I-beams
• Laminated beams
• Scaffold boards
• COM-PLY

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North American Structural Panel Demand

BSF
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Glulam
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I-Joists (Wood I-Beams)
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U.S. Single-Family Lumber Usage Rates(Board
Feet/Square Foot)
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LVL(Laminated Veneer Lumber)
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Futuristic Composites

• Wood resin (glues)
• Wood plastic (recycled)
• Wood cement

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Futuristic Composites

• Thermoplastic Nanocomposites
• Reacts wood pulp fibers with a partial solvent
• microfibrils become melt-flowable like plastics
• semi-transparent polymer sheet is formed
• microfibrils fuse to form a continuous material
• it is resistant to water, can be shaped by heat,
  and is expandable

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Wood Fiber Products (Paper)

• Corrugated containers (cardboard boxes)
• Food container boxes
• Newsprint
• Writing paper
• Magazines books
• Paper bags

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Wood Fiber Products (Paper)

• Roofing felts
• Toilet paper
• Paper towels
• Disposable clothes
• Wallpaper
• Shipping tubes
• Drums and cans
• Egg crates
• Sheathing papers for construction

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Wood Cellulose Products

• Rayon textile
• Furfural (part of nylon)
• Toys and combs
• Lamp shades
• Fabric coatings
• Housewares and telephones

• Portable radio cases
• Pipe and tubing
• Tool handles
• Electrical insulation
• Car panels and hardware

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Wood Cellulose Products

• Sorbitol
• Propylene and ethylene glycols, glycerine
• Proteins
• Vitamins

• Glasses frames
• Photographic film
• Smokeless gunpowder
• Formic acid
• Levulinic acid

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Tree Chemical Products

• Paint solvents
• Odorants
• Bactericides
• Pine oils
• Insecticides
• Adhesives

• Flavorings
• Fabric treatments
• Inks and Dyes
• Soaps Detergents
• Hard-floor coverings
• Acetic acid

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Tree Chemical Products

• Water-treatment chemicals
• Ethyl alcohol
• Gasohol
• Synthetic rubber
• Ointments

• Paper coatings
• Chewing gum
• Rosin bags
• Violin-bow rosin
• Leather-tanning

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Nut and Fruit Products

• Pecans
• Walnuts
• Butternuts
• Beechnuts
• Pinyon pine nuts
• Chestnuts
• Apples
• Oranges
• Limes

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Nut and Fruit Products

• Lemons
• Grapefruit
• peaches
• Plums
• Apricots
• Pears
• Figs
• Persimmons
• Cherries

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Wood for Energy

• 3 quadrillion BTU's
• Industries uses 69
• Residential, utilities, and other use 31
• Production of liquid fuels from woody biomass may
  soon be economical