Red Sea / Dead Sea Hydro-generation Project

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Red Sea / Dead Sea Hydro-generation Project

• Group 9 Pat Gibbons Lance Vobornik

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Outline

• Project Idea and Demo Overview
• Overall Design and Goals
• More Design with Problems and Solutions
• Testing and Results
• Improvements and Additions
• Acknowledgements

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Filling the Dead Sea

• Dead Sea currently 400 m below sea level
• Evaporating at rate of 1 meter / year
• Jordan River inlet diverted for agriculture
• Can the Dead Sea be resurrected?!?

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Dead Sea / Red Sea The Perfect Couple

• Solution only 320 km away from and 400 m above
  the Dead Sea
• Provides opportunity for hydropower generation
• Cost efficient

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Power and Cost

• Replenish at four times depletion rate
• 122 m3/s
• Potential Energy (using 70 power plant
  efficiency)
• PE
• (122 m3/s) (9.8 m/s2) (400 m) (1000 kg/m3)
  (70)
• 334MW 350MW
• Pipeline cost estimated at 800 million
• Cost Recovery (using avg. electricity costs in
  Jordan 0.061 / kwh)
• (8E8 USD)/(0.061 USD/kwh) / 350E3 kw / 8760
  yr 4.3 years
• Pinsker, L.M. (2002, November ). Pipeline
  proposal promises new life for Dead Sea. Geotimes
• CyberCity Industry Information Technology Parks
  Development Co. (2001). Operational costs of
  doing business in Jordan. Retrieved December 5,
  2003 from http//www.cybercity.com.jo/newsletterE5
  .htm

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Idea ? Demo

• Our original idea was to actually create this
  pipeline from the Read Sea to the Dead Sea.
  However, because of time, money and government
  restrictions we were forced to come up with a
  small scale model to demo in the Middle North
  (a.k.a. Everitt Laboratory).

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Original Demo Flow Diagram

• Changes
• Capacitive Sensor to Float Sensor
• Microprocessor eliminated
• Tub acting as Red Sea to Sink acting as Red Sea

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Revised Demo Design

• Mock Red Sea / Dead Sea Goals
• Create a sensor / valve relay system to stop
  water flow when needed
• Build a waterwheel / motor system to generate
  electricity with flowing water
• Measure output voltage to show power generation
• Calculate overall efficiency of system

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Sensor / Valve Relay System

• Reasoning
• Middle East
• Our demonstration
• Equipment
• 120 to 25.2 Volt Transformer (TR 4.75)
• Float Sensor
• Orbit Waterworks Solenoid Valve

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Complications with Solenoid Valve

• Initially could not get valve to open
• 10 psi of pressure needed to push valve open
• Solution Use a sink / hose system to mock the
  Red Sea
• Sensor Changes

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Waterwheel / DC Motor

• Machine Shop Design
• Diameter 56 cm
• One bucket per 22.5o (16 total buckets)

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Testing and Data

• Flow rate 0.039 liters / second
• Speed 56 rpm
• Voltage output 0.2 Volts
• Motor internal resistance 14.24 Ohms
• Frictional Force of Waterwheel .0208 N-m

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Results and Calculations

• Power In Head (m) Flow (l/s) Gravity (m/s2)
• 10 psi 0.7041 m/psi 0.308 l/s 9.81 m/s2
• 21.27 W
• Power Out 0.25 V2/R 0.25 (0.22 / 14.24)
• 7.02E-4 W
• Overall System Efficiency Power Out / Power In
• 0.0033

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Waterwheel Efficiency Using Pelton Wheel

• Using our testing results for speed, radius and
  calculated head and using theta 165 as a
  typical deflection angle for the buckets the
  efficiency of the wheel equals 7.7
• Fruh, W. G. (2001). Pelton Wheel
  Theory and Equations. Retrieved December 5, 2003
  from Heriot-Watt, Fluid Mechanics Web site
  http//learn.hw.ac.uk/fluidmech/peltonequations.a
  sp

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Additions to the System

• Flow meter at output
• Microcontroller
• Constant measurement readings
• Use to create a refillable water flow system

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Improvements to the System

• Waterwheel to DC motor turns ratio
• DC motor selection
• Valve with no differential pressure requirement
• Smaller pipeline diameter

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Summary

• Hydropower generation is a beneficial and cost
  effective way to generate power
• Specifically to our project
• Refills the Dead Sea
• Pays for itself
• Increase in both water and electricity provides
  for business growth

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Acknowledgements

• Professor Swenson and Jing Tang
• Professor Krein
• Jonathan Kimball
• Scott McDonald and the entire Machine Shop
• Nate from Menards
• Joe from Bergners

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Questions

• ?