Youth Gambling In Oregon

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African-Americans Problem Gambling
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Nightline excerpt
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Continuum of gambling behavior
Adult Oregonians with gambling problem 74,000
(est.)
No Gambling
Experimentation
Social
At-Risk
Problem
Pathological
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
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Problem or Not? Telling the Difference
Frequent, or spends more time gambling.
Occasional gambler.
Plays with that is needed or borrowed.
Sticks to limits of money to play with.
Expects to win keeps playing to win back losses.
Hopes to win but expects to lose.
Is revolved around gambling.
Can take it or leave it.
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Consequences of Problem Gambling
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Depression/Suicide

• Oregon gambling treatment clients
• 18 had suicidal thoughts
• up to 10 had made suicide attempts (Moore
  Marotta, in press)
• A major depressive disorder is likely to occur in
  76 of pathological gamblers (Unwin, Davis,
  Leeuw, 2000)

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Domestic Violence

• 25 - 50 percent of spouses of pathological
  gamblers have been abused
• Study of 10 casino communities domestic violence
  rates increased with the opening of casinos
• (National Opinion Research Center, 1999)

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Children of problem gamblers

• are more likely to become
• problem gamblers as teens
• have higher levels of tobacco, alcohol, drug use,
  and overeating
• 10 to 17 percent of children of compulsive
  gamblers had been neglected or abused

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More Consequences

• In FY 05-06, out of 1,700 receiving publicly
  funded treatment in Oregon
• 18 indicated suicidal thoughts up to 10
  attempted
• average gambling debt was 23,331 with combined
  debt from gambling over 27.6 million
• 60 jeopardized or lost a significant
  relationship or job
• over 23 committed illegal acts to obtain
  gambling money

Source Moore Marotta, in press
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Economic/Financial Impact

• By one estimate, the social-economic cost for
  each pathological gambler is in excess of 11,000
  and over 3,000 for each sub-clinical
  pathological gambler.
• Gambling in America Costs and Benefits (2004)
  Earl Grinols, Ph.D Baylor University Professor
  of Economics

• If those figures generalized to Oregon the annual
  socioeconomic costs of problem gambling to Oregon
  would be 449 million.

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• African Americans and Problem Gambling What Do
  We Know?
• ? Not muchnot enough
• ? Why?many dont seek treatment and dont
• participate in research studies (Harvey, 1996)
• ? Why?sociopolitical history (Sue Sue, 1978
• Helms Cook, 1999)
• ? Many use socio supports religious/spiritual
• networks (Boyd-Franklin, 1989 Helms Cook,
• 1999)
• Source Deborah G. Haskins, Ph.D., NCGC and NCGC

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Why Dont African Americans Seek Treatment? ?
Mistrust of White institutions dating back to
slavery ? Mistrust of agencies which have
oppressed Blacks (e.g., police, foster care
systems) ? Lack of Insurance and Finances to
Pay ? Lack of Transportation (Sue
Sue,1999) Source Deborah G. Haskins, Ph.D.,
NCGC and NCGC
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Key Question Is gambling considered a problem
within the context of the culture and
community? Source Deborah G. Haskins, Ph.D.,
NCGC and NCGC
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• African Americans General Types of Gambling
• ? Numbers running (historical vocation)
• ? Lottery
• ? Scratch Offs
• ? Video Slot Machines located in community
• ? Casinos (women, older adults, nursing homes)
• ? Race Tracks (men)
• ? Street Dice games (and in school among youth)
• ? Card games Pinochle, Baccarat
• Source Deborah G. Haskins, Ph.D., NCGC and NCGC

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• African Americans What is Needed?
• ? Clinicians will need to move outside of
• traditional roles and meet client in their
• environment integrate cultural influences
• ? Understand the invisibility syndrome that
• exists among African American males and how
• substance use and gambling may provide false
• sense of power
• Source Deborah G. Haskins, Ph.D., NCGC and NCGC

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• African American Treatment and Outreach
• ? Advocate and deliver treatment in the community
• ? Emphasis on multi problem approachservice
• deliverers are charged with recognizing and
  responding to a range of presenting needs
  clinicians must assume many rolesteacher/therapis
  t/advocate
• ? Use paraprofessionalsone of the best ways to
  use indigenous resources (Zondervan, 2002)
• Source Deborah G. Haskins, Ph.D., NCGC and NCGC

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African Americans Culturally Relevant
Treatment Community Mental Health
Approaches Extend their interventions beyond
troubled individuals to the community and
to social systems that are important
in socializing, supporting, and
controlling people (e.g., school system,
churches, prisons, judicial systems) Source
Deborah G. Haskins, Ph.D., NCGC and NCGC
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• Outreach Efforts Should Be
• community/organization-based
• strengths-based
• competence-building
• focused on primary prevention
• Key Element Empowerment (Boyd- Franklin, 1989)
• Source Deborah G. Haskins, Ph.D., NCGC and NCGC

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The Oregon Scene

• Our state has more forms of legalized gambling
  and offers easier access to gambling than most
  other states

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Multnomah Falls is no longer our 1 tourist
attractionSpirit Mt. Casino is now 1
And Lottery sales are reaching new highs as well
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Oregon Gambling Expenditures (2005) 1.3
billion
In 1986 this figure was 95 million
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SoWhat Do We Know About Oregon African
Americans and Gambling?
INSERT Huberts data slides on gambling among
Portland, Oregon African-Americans
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Preferred gamesCaucasians vs. African
AmericansA study of 59 Gambling Clients, H.
Evans, CGAC II

• Caucasians prefer video poker almost 21 over
  African Americans
• African Americans prefer Dominos about 51 over
  Caucasians
• Caucasians play scratch tickets with African
  Americans do not.
• African Americans play dice while Caucasians do
  not.

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Average Age of Onset of GamblingCaucasians vs.
African AmericansA study of 59 Gambling Clients,
H. Evans, CGAC II
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Sex of Gambling Tx ParticipantsCaucasians vs.
African AmericansA study of 59 Gambling Clients,
H. Evans, CGAC II
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Source of Gambling FundsCaucasians vs. African
AmericansA study of 59 Gambling Clients, H.
Evans, CGAC II

• What are the implications for family treatment?
• African American relationships tend to be more
  enabling.
• Caucasian spouses/partners may be oblivious to
  their partners gambling.

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African Americans and Treatment Admission

• Minorities tend to perceive delayed admission as
  a form of rejection.
• Minorities have a history of being abused by
  bureaucracy and red tape. Complex rules,
  documents, etc. have historically been used to
  exploit African Americans. African Americans are
  turned-off by red-tape.
• Research shows that delayed admission produces
  poorer outcomes in minorities compared to
  Caucasian clients in behavioral health and
  medical care services.

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Youth and Gambling
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Special concerns for youth
This is the first generation to grow up with
gambling all around them
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Gambling is heavily marketed to kids in the toy
aisle
on cell phones
online
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young African American males in families with no
set rules in the home and less ability to
maintain rules were more likely to be identified
as problem gamblers
Research on young African American males and
gambling
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These young men were also more likely to gamble
excessively when their families were more
reluctant to express feelings with one another
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Oregon youth gambling data
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Oregon youth who gamble are more likely to carry
a handgun
Oregon Healthy Teens Survey 2006
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Oregon youth who gamble are more likely to be in
fights
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Oregon youth who gamble are more likely to use
alcohol
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Oregon youth who gamble are more likely to have
sex
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which games do youth play most?
1 cards
4 dice/coin toss
4
2 sports
8 internet
8
5
3 games of personal skill
5 none
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6 lottery tickets
7 bingo
7
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where do youth say they gamble?
1. home
3
2. friends house
3. school
1
2
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• We asked groups of
• parents and kids about
• gambling
• All parents in the groups said their kids DIDNT
  gamble
• All kids in the groups said they DID gamble
• Neither thinks gambling can lead to problems
• yet we know that

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• Kids who gamble are significantly more likely to
• participate in other
• risky activities

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Although problem gambling is one of several risky
activities that kids participate in, its not
talked about as risky in school, church or at home
sexual behavior
delinquency
smoking
Problem Behaviors
gambling
drug use
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What We Can Do Together for Youth

• In schools
• Include gambling
• in prevention efforts
• At home
• Teach risks and consequences
• Model responsible gambling
• In our community/church
• Encourage communication
• Know early warning signs
• Know how to access resources for help

Lane County G.A.P.P.
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Help for Problem Gambling
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Help is Available!

• Oregon system 24/7 helpline free treatment
  tailored to level of problem for gamblers and/or
  family members prevention component
• National resources
• Association of Problem Gambling Services
  Administrators http//www.apgsa.org/State/index.as
  px
• National Council on Problem Gambling
  www.ncpgambling.org
• Dr. Marotta

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What Legislators Can Do