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Title: 433MHz_Defense_EPC_ckh'ppt


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Global StandardsU.S. DoDEPC
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Q.E.D. Systems Craig K. Harmon President
Visit our web sites http//www.qed.org and
http//www.autoid.org
  • Team Leader, RFID Experts Group (REG) (formerly
    VAG)
  • Chair, U.S. TAG to ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 31/WG 4
    RFID
  • Chair, ASC MH 10/SC 8/WG 4, RFID for Returnable
    Containers
  • Chair, ISO TC 122/WG 4 (Shipping Labels) ISO TC
    122/WG 7 (Product Packaging)
  • Chair, ISO TC 122/104 JWG - Supply Chain
    Applications of RFID
  • Vice-chair, ASC MH 10 and U.S. TAG to ISO TC 122
    (Packaging)
  • Senior Project Editor ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 31/WG 4/SG
    3 (RFID - Air Interface - 18000)
  • Member, EPCglobal HAG (UHFGen2), SAG, and BAG
  • Past Chair, ASC INCITS T6 (RFID) - ANS INCITS
    2561999, 2001
  • JTC 1/SC 31 Liaison Officer to the International
    Telecommunications Union (ITU-R)
  • JTC 1/SC 31 Liaison Officer to the International
    Air Transport Association (IATA)
  • JTC 1/SC 31 Liaison to the European
    Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI)
  • ASC MH 10/SC 8 Liaison Universal Postal Union
    (UPU) Physical Encoding Group (PEG)
  • Advisor and Member of USPS Strategic Technology
    Council
  • ISO TC 104 (Freight Containers / RFID) Liaison
    Officer to JTC 1/SC 31
  • Project Editor, ISO 18185 (Freight Containers -
    Electronic Container Seal Protocol)
  • Chairman Project Editor, ANS MH10.8.2 (Data
    Application Identifiers)
  • Vocabulary Rapporteur to ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 31
  • Co-chair, HIBCC Automatic Identification
    Technical Committee (AITC)

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EPCEPCglobalan agency of UCC and EAN
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MIT AutoID Center
  • Officially began 1 October 1999
  • Initially funded by Uniform Code Council, The
    Gillette Company and Procter and Gamble
  • Split into AutoID Lab at MIT and AutoID, Inc.
    under the EAN.UCC (http//www.epcglobalinc.org/)
    in Q3 2003
  • Software components
  • Object Naming Service (ONS)
  • Savant
  • Product Markup Language (PML)
  • Air interface protocols
  • 860 - 930 MHz
  • 13.56 MHz
  • Supply chain impact studies
  • Field trials
  • Intellectual Property

6
EPC - Network vs. Code
The globally unique identifier that serves as a
pointer for making enquiries about the item it
identifies
RFID Tags
Reader
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EPC Class I - V
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EPC - How it works
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World Trade Organization (WTO)
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WTO Multilateral Agreements On Trade In
GoodsTechnical Barriers
  • Clause 2.4Where technical regulations are
    required and relevant international standards
    exist or their completion is imminent, Members
    shall use them, or the relevant parts of them, as
    a basis for their technical regulations except
    when such international standards or relevant
    parts would be an ineffective or inappropriate
    means for the fulfillment of the legitimate
    objectives pursued, for instance because of
    fundamental climatic or geographical factors or
    fundamental technological problems.
  • Clause 3.4
  • Members shall not take measures which require or
    encourage local government bodies or
    nongovernmental bodies within their territories
    to act in a manner inconsistent with the
    provisions of Article 2.
  • Clause 3.5
  • Members are fully responsible under this
    Agreement for the observance of all provisions of
    Article 2. Members shall formulate and implement
    positive measures and mechanisms in support of
    the observance of the provisions of Article 2 by
    other than central government bodies.

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WTO Multilateral Agreements On Trade In
GoodsTechnical Barriers
  • Clause 5.4
  • In cases where a positive assurance is required
    that products conform with technical regulations
    or standards, and relevant guides or
    recommendations issued by international
    standardizing bodies exist or their completion is
    imminent, Members shall ensure that central
    government bodies use them, or the relevant parts
    of them, as a basis for their conformity
    assessment procedures, except where, as duly
    explained upon request, such guides or
    recommendations or relevant parts are
    inappropriate for the Members concerned, for,
    inter alia, such reasons as national security
    requirements the prevention of deceptive
    practices protection of human health or safety,
    animal or plant life or health, or the
    environment fundamental climatic or other
    geographical factors fundamental technological
    or infrastructural problems.

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Federal Communications Commission (FCC)
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  • FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE NEWS MEDIA CONTACT
  • April 15, 2004 Lauren Van Wazer (202) 418-0030
  • FCC ADOPTS RULE CHANGES FOR IMPROVED RADIO
    FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION SYSTEMS TO FACILITATE
    HOMELAND SECURITY EFFORTS
  • Washington, D.C. In an effort to increase
    homeland security and improve the efficiency of
    commercial shipping operations, the Federal
    Communications Commission today adopted a Third
    Report and Order (Order) that allows for the
    operation of improved radio frequency
    identification (RFID) systems for use in
    conjunction with commercial shipping containers.
    This action is expected to result in lower
    shipping costs and improved security at ports,
    rail yards and warehouses in commercial and
    industrial settings by enabling the contents of
    containers to be rapidly inventoried. These
    improvements will also help system users
    determine whether tampering with their contents
    has occurred during shipping.
  • RFID systems use radio signals to identify items.
    Uses of RFID include electronic toll collection
    such as the E-Z Pass system and anti-theft tags.
    An RFID system consists of a tag mounted on the
    item to be identified and a device that receives
    information transmitted from the tag. The
    Commissions rules permit RFID systems to be
    operated on a number of frequency bands, subject
    to limitations on their maximum signal level and
    transmission duration. These limitations
    constrain the range and information transfer
    rates of RFIDs.

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  • The Order increases the maximum signal level
    permitted for RFID systems operating in the
    433.5-434.5 MHz band to facilitate more reliable
    transmissions with greater range than the rules
    previously allowed. The 433 MHz band is
    available for unlicensed operation in many
    countries around the world, thus enabling
    manufactures to produce a single model of a
    device for use in both the United States and
    other countries. The Order also increases the
    maximum permitted transmission duration for these
    RFID systems from one second to 60 seconds,
    resulting in a sixty-fold increase in the amount
    of data that can be transmitted, thus
    facilitating the scanning of the contents of an
    entire shipping container. To minimize the risk
    of interference to authorized communication
    services, operation of RFID systems with higher
    power and longer transmission duration is limited
    to commercial shipping containers in commercial
    and industrial areas.
  • Action by the Commission April 15, 2004, by Third
    Report and Order (FCC 04-98). Chairman Powell,
    Commissioners Abernathy, Copps, Martin, and
    Adelstein. Statement by Chairman Powell.
  • Office of Engineering and Technology contact
    Mr. Hugh L. Van Tuyl, (202) 418-7506, e-mail
    Hugh.VanTuyl_at_fcc.gov.
  • ET Docket No. 01-278
  • FCC

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  • STATEMENT OF
  • FCC CHAIRMAN MICHAEL K. POWELL
  • Re Review of Part 15 and other Parts of the
    Commissions Rules, Third Report and Order, ET
    Docket No. 01-278
  • With more than two billion tons of freight
    traveling through U.S. ports and waterways
    yearly, ensuring the efficient flow of goods
    while reducing the possibility of terrorism and
    fraud is no easy task.
  • Todays Third Report and Order allows a powerful
    new technology to help secure our ports while
    increasing productivity. Specifically, we change
    Commission rules to allow for the introduction of
    smart shipping containers that can detect
    intrusions and streamline the inventory process.
  • When you consider that a trillion dollars worth
    of goods pass through our ports annually, the
    potential economic benefits of this technology
    become clear.
  • It is worth noting that some have raised privacy
    concerns regarding the use of radio frequency
    identification (RFID) tags. We are aware of these
    concerns, and stress that todays ruling is
    narrowly tailored. The technical and operational
    rules we adopt today allow higher-powered/longer-d
    uration RFID tag use on limited frequencies, and
    only in commercial and industrial environments.
    We also take steps to protect federal government
    radar sites from interference by requiring
    grantees of an equipment authorization for a 433
    MHz RFID device to register their location and
    inform purchasers where the devices may or may
    not be used.
  • Im excited by the prospects for improved
    inventory control, lower costs, and increased
    homeland security that this technology promises
    to bring.

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Interoperability
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The Layers of Logistic Units (Optically Readable
Media)
Layer 5ISO TC 204 (None)AIAG B-15
Movement Vehicle (truck, airplane, ship, train)
Layer 4ISO TC 104 (None)
Container (e.g., 40 foot Sea Container)
Layer 3ISO TC 122/WG 4 (15394)ANS MH10.8.1AIAG
B-10/14EIA 556-BUCC 6 / Genl EAN Spec
Layer 2ISO TC 122/WG 4 (15394)ANS MH10.8.1AIAG
B-10/14EIA 556-BUCC 6 / Genl EAN Spec
Layer 1ISO TC 122/WG 7 (22742) ANS MH10.8.6AIAG
B-4 EIA 621/624 IEC 62090 UCC 1 / Genl EAN Spec
Layer 0ISO TC 122 (TBD)ANS MH10.8.7AIAG
B-4EIA SP-3497UCC 1 / Genl EAN Spec
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The Layers of Logistic Units (Radio Frequency
Identification - RFID)
Layer 5
Movement Vehicle (truck, airplane, ship, train)
Layer 4 (433 MHz, 860-960 MHz)ISO 17363
Container (e.g., 40 foot Sea Container)
Layer 3 (433 MHz, 860-960 MHz)ISO 17364
Unit Load Pallet
Unit Load Pallet
Layer 2 (860-960 MHz)ISO 17365
Transport Unit
Transport Unit
Transport Unit
Transport Unit
Layer 1 (860-960 MHz) ISO 17366
Pkg
Pkg
Pkg
Pkg
Pkg
Pkg
Pkg
Pkg
Layer 0 (860-960 MHz)ISO 17367
Item
Item
Item
Item
Item
Item
Item
Item
Item
Item
Item
Item
Item
Item
Item
Item
Note 433 MHz from ISO/IEC 18000-7 860-960 MHz
from ISO/IEC 18000-6
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How far, how fast, how much, how many, attached
to what?
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Minimum Requirements
Note While minimums are stated, supply chain
applications are common for passive tags at 256
bytes and active tags at 128 kBytes
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Recent Developments
  • 860 - 960 MHz
  • Industrial, Scientific, Medical (ISM) band
  • Originally 902 - 928 MHz Spread Spectrum in the
    U.S.
  • Technology enhancement (frequency agile) permits
  • 902 - 928 MHz used in Region 2 (U.S.)
  • 865.6 - 867.6 MHz nearing finalization in Region
    1 (Europe)
  • 950 - 956 MHz regulations in process in Region 3
    (Japan)
  • 910 - 914 MHz regulations in process in Region 3
    (Korea)
  • Gen2 may support agreed upon modifications to
    18000-6 (18000-6c)
  • 18000-6c may be modified based on agreement of
    EPC Gen2

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Recent Developments
  • 433 MHz
  • ISM band permitted by ITU (implemented in Regions
    1 and 3 but for different parameters in Region 2)
  • ITU receptive to Regions 2 supporting Regions 1
    and 3 for a 433 MHz allocation for freight
    containers
  • Chairman of ISO TC 104 (Freight containers) has
    made request to ITU and WCO to embrace both
    passive (860 - 960) and active (433.92 MHz)
    calling out 18000-6 and 18000-7
  • Under serious consideration in both Japan and
    Korea
  • Both Japan and Korea have requested U.S.
    governmental letters of support, i.e., FCC, NTIA,
    DoD, NATO
  • Received support through new (April 2004) FCC
    rules, specific to RFID, that increases both
    power and duty cycle.

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The Hype Cycle
Visibility
Peak of Inflated Expectations
Plateau of Productivity
Slope of Enlightenment
Trough of Disillusionment
Technology Trigger
Time
Source Jackie Fenn, Gartner Group
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???
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Thank you!!!
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