Bacteria: Structure and Reproduction

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Bacteria Structure and Reproduction

• Standard 1c Prokaryotic cells, eukaryotic cells
  (including those from plants and animals), and
  viruses differ in complexity and general
  structure.
• Standard 10d There are important differences
  between bacteria and viruses with respect to
  their requirements for growth and replication,
  the body's primary defenses against bacterial and
  viral infections, and effective treatments of
  these infections.

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Kingdom Archaebacteria

• Live in extreme environments where there is no
  oxygen available (anaerobes)
• Methanogens make energy by converting H2 and CO2
  into methane gas found in swamps, sewage, and
  intestines of mammals (cows)
• Extreme halophiles use salt to generate ATP
  found in very salty environments
• Thermoacidophiles live in extremely acidic
  environments with high temperatures, such as hot
  springs some use sulfur as energy source

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HALOPHILES
THERMOACIDOPHILES
METHANOGENS
THERMOACIDOPHILES
METHANOGENS
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Methane Humor
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Kingdom Eubacteria

• Classified by shape, nutritional needs, response
  to Gram-stain
• Heterotrophs use organic nutrients as a food
  source some are parasites, saprophytes
• Photosynthetic autotrophs use sunlight to make
  organic molecules
• Chemosynthetic autotrophs use sulfur and nitrogen
  containing compounds to make organic molecules

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Gram Staining

• Gram-positive 1-layer cell wall
  (peptidoglycan)
• Purple Example Staphylococcus aureus

• Gram-negative 2-layer cell wall (peptidoglycan
  outer layer)
• Red Example E. coli

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Shapes of Bacteria
cocci - sphere
bacilli - rod
Arrangements
diplo two staphylo clustered strepto - chains
spirilla - spiral
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• unicellular
• no membrane-bound organelles

DNA
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Reproduction in Bacteria

• Binary Fission one cell divides into two
  genetically identical cells (asexual)

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Reproduction in Bacteria

• Conjugation bacterium transfers part of its
  genetic material to another bacterium through a
  pilus (sexual)

pili (plural) for pilus (singular)
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Adaptations in Bacteria

• Obligate aerobes require oxygen
• Obligate anaerobe killed by oxygen
• Endospore dormant structure produced in
  response to harsh environmental conditions which
  allows the bacteria to survive until favorable
  conditions exist

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Importance of Bacteria

• Nitrogen fixation
• Recycling of nutrients
• Food
• Medicines antibiotics
• Disease-causing botulism, cholera, strep throat,
  tetanus, tuberculosis,
• Environmental disaster clean-up
• Sewage treatment

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Pathogenic bacteria their diseases(Disease-ca
using agents)
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Using what youve learned

• Streptococcus pyogenes causes an upper
  respiratory infection known as strep throat. Its
  Genus (the first of its 2 Latin names) is
  descriptive of the bacterias shape.
• What does Streptococcus mean?

strepto coccus
chains spherical
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A B C
baccili cocci spirilla
Name the shape of the bacteria
Name the arrangement of the bacteria
diplo strepto staphylo
D E F