Digital Video The Basics

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Digital VideoThe Basics

• By
• Melissa Burton
• Jeff Baxter
• Cassandra Kessinger
• Linda
• Darci Ruber

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What is Digital Video?

• It brings the world of video production to
  computer users like you--desktop video (DTV).

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How Does Digital Video Work?

• First you need a source of information (CD ROM,
  videotape played by a VCR, camcorder hooked to
  your computer etc.)
• Once you have a source you need to get it into
  your pc
• The capture card converts the source (which is an
  analog signal) into digital information that the
  computer understands, AKA digitizing

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Digital Video Allows Us To

• Shoot high-quality videos
• Download the images to our computers
• Edit them and manipulate the images
• Add special effects and sound
• Upload to another medium such as VHS, CD ROM, or
  for Internet viewing

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Sample of a Quick Time Video

• http//www.apple.com/quicktime/trailers/fox/epi
  sode-i/

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Compression

• In order to playback on a standard computer the
  video needs to be compressed
• Compression is the coding of data to save storage
  space or transmission time. Compressed data must
  be decompressed before it can be used.

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Compression continued............

• Compression takes the digital information and
  squeezes it down (without losing any of it) so
  that it is easier for your pc to handle and also
  does not use a lot of your hard drive space.
• The best compression scheme today can reduce the
  information by as much as 1001
• Compression can come in the form of hardware or
  software or both.

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Video Viewers
Viewers (or video plug-ins) are needed in order
to view Internet-video. Following is a list of
the most popular ones on the Internet.
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Types of Video Viewers
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Video Formats

• File formats are arrangements of electronic
  information
• Popular formats exist because they conform to a
  standard that programs can recognize
• This benefits the computer user by making their
  information usable in a wide variety of programs

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Popular File Formats
There are several, but here are a few of the most
popular.......
AVI
Quick Time
Mpeg
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Popular File Formats--AVI

• AVI-(Audio Video Interleaved), also called Video
  for Windows (VFW)
• One of the most popular formats for presenting
  video
• Developed by Microsoft
• Extensions--.avi
• Can be a little choppy (faster processors and
  special graphics accelerators can help with this
  problem.

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Popular File Formats--Quick Time

• QuickTime is a digital video format developed and
  supported primarily by Apple computers but can be
  viewed on practically every platform available
  today.
• It was one of the first digital video formats for
  the pc
• It is very similar to the AVI format--both use
  similar strategies for compression and
  decompression
• File extensions--mov, movie,qt

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Popular File Formats--MPEG

• MPEG (Moving Pictures Experts Group)
• An exciting new standard for streaming digital
  information
• Compresses video and is designed to be streamed
  (it can be played as it appears on your hard
  drive, unlike most video formats which require
  that all frames are downloaded)
• Extensions--.mpeg,mpg.mpv

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Editing Programs--The Fun Part!

• Editing is done through software programs
  specifically designed to deal with and manipulate
  video file formats ((AVI, QuickTime, and MPEG to
  name a few)

• Things you can do--
• insert
• move
• copy
• delete
• transitions
• add 3D effects
• and much more!

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Why Use Video in the Schools?

• Video can be the most interesting way to present
  a complex subject you are teaching.
• Video allows repeated observation of the same
  event
• It can successfully show realistic scenes and
  guide learning of psychomotor skills for which
  learners must recognize or copy movements.

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Video Can......

• Vividly illustrate procedures and processes
• Make abstract concepts concrete
• Support classification and comparison of
  information
• Enliven introductions to topics

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Digital Video for the ClassroomMeeks Helt
Superfantabulous Health

• This multimedia program can be used for students
  not able to participate in regular P.E. classes
  or as a follow up for different Health units.
• Here is a sample......................

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Problems with Video and Learning

• Problem Excessive complexity can overwhelm
  students with more information than they can
  process.
• Solution Include pauses in a presentation to
  allow learners to mentally catch up
• Problem Students perceive video a easier to
  understand than text and tend to devote less
  effort to learning from a video presentation as
  compared to a text passage.
• Solution Make short video clips, they can
  enhance learning by cueing the learner and
  providing interaction.

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Problems Cont.......

• Problem Video suffers from a weakness in
  providing detailed information. Students tend to
  have trouble remembering details from scenes they
  view.
• Solution Combine video resources with text to
  provide practice and feedback.

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Guidelines for Creating Classroom Video By the
Department of Educational Technology San Diego
State University, 1995

• Camera Angle--Show a performance on the screen
  the way the learner would see if he were doing
  the job himself
• Rate of Development--Keep the rate of development
  of a film slow enough to permit the learner to
  grasp the material as it is shown.
• Succinct Treatment--Do not present only the bare
  essentials or cover subject matter too rapidly.

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Guidelines Continued.........

• Introductions--Present relevant information in
  the introduction and tell the viewer what he is
  expected to learn from the film.
• Summary--Summarize important points in the film
  in a clear, concise manner. Summaries probably
  do not significantly improve learning unless they
  are complete enough to serve as repetition and
  review.

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Guidelines Continued.....

• Concentration of ideas--present ideas or concepts
  at a rate appropriate to the ability of the
  audience.
• Commentary--Dont pack the sound track the
  number of words (per minute of film) in the
  commentary has a definite effect on learning.
• Special Effects--Avoid the use of special effects
  as attention-getting devices it has no positive
  influence on learning.

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Guidelines concluded......

• Color--Experimentation has not yet demonstrated
  any general over-all increase in learning as a
  result of using color in instructional films.
• Music--Preliminary experimentation suggests that
  music does not add to the instructional
  effectiveness of an informational film.

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This Concludes Our Presentation!