What is Ambient Intelligence

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(No Transcript)
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• What is Ambient Intelligence?

Ambient Intelligence (AmI) refers to electronic
environments that are sensitive and responsive to
the presence of people.
In an ambient intelligence world, devices work in
concert to support people in carrying out their
everyday life activities, tasks and rituals in
easy, natural way using information and
intelligence that is hidden in the network
connecting these devices.
As these devices grow smaller, more connected and
more integrated into our environment, the
technology disappears into our surroundings until
only the user interface remains perceivable by
users.
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How does it differ from before?

• At the same time, more and more people make
  decisions based on the effect their actions will
  have on their own inner, mental world. This
  experience rational way of acting is a change
  from the past when people were primarily
  concerned about the use value of products and
  services and is the basis for the experience
  economy.
• Ambient intelligence addresses this shift in
  existential view by emphasizing people and user
  experience. Need to design things from a user's
  point of view.

• The interest in user experience has also grown
  because of the overload of products and services
  in the information society that were difficult to
  understand and hard to use in the past.
• Ambient intelligence is influenced by
  user-centered design where the user is placed in
  the center of the design activity and asked to
  give feedback through specific user evaluations
  and tests to improve the design or even co-create
  the design together with the designer or with
  other users.

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Great! Where can I buy one?

• In order for AmI to become a reality a number of
  key technologies are required

• Unobtrusive hardware (Miniaturisation,
  Nanotechnology, smart devices, sensors etc.)
• Seamless mobile/fixed communication and computing
  infrastructure (interoperability, wired and
  wireless networks, service-oriented architecture,
  semantic web etc.)
• Dynamic and massively distributed device
  networks, which are easy to control and program
  (e.g. service discovery, auto-configuration,
  end-user programmable devices and systems etc.).
• Human-centric computer interfaces (intelligent
  agents, multimodal interaction, context awareness
  etc.)
• Dependable and secure systems and devices
  (self-testing and self repairing software,
  privacy ensuring technology etc.)

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UU piece of puzzle Determine Location

• GPS (Global Positioning System), is able to show
  ones position on the Earth. GPS satellites, 24 in
  all, orbit at 11,000 nautical miles above the
  Earth. They are continuously monitored by ground
  stations located worldwide.
• Pro No need for infrastructure, cheap receivers
  Con High buildings, need LOS

2. Cellular Triangulation is a process by which
the location of a radio transmitter can be
determined by measuring either the radial
distance, or the direction, of the received
signal from 2 or 3 different points. The distance
is determined by measuring the relative time
delays in signal from the mobile set to 3 base
stations. Pro Technology here we all have
phones Con Coarse readings, pricey

• 3. 802.11 WiFi . This generally consists of 3
  elements. 1. Radio beacons in the environment. 2.
  Databases holding beacon location information and
  3. Clients which estimate their location from
  data . Leaders in the field include Ekahau,
  Trapeze Networks and Ubisense. There is also
  freely available software solutions such as
  PlaceLab although this tends to be much cruder
  than the commercial solutions.
• Pro Access points generally in place, indoors
  Con Coarse readings, Can be pricey

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Determine Location Existing Solutions

• 4. RFID. RFID has seen widespread use across
  many different applications. The vast majority of
  these applications, however, only use the data
  contained in tags within the readers zone,
  rather than the location of the tag at any given
  time.
• The Los Angeles County Sheriff Department
  deployed tamper-proof, active RFID tags worn as
  wristbands by inmates, and RFID readers
  throughout the jail. Each tag links each inmate
  to a particular profile in the system, which can
  be used to restrict them to certain parts of the
  jail, or keep them away from other particular
  prisoners.

• The system alerts prison staff if inmates enter
  restricted areas or move within a certain range
  of specific inmates. Ultimate aim to reduce
  violence between inmates deter escape attempts.
• Pro Cheap tags, fast scanning, indoors
  Con Relatively new, restricted distance

• 5. Ultra Wide Band (UWB). UWB is precisely timed
  short bursts of RF energy to provide accurate
  triangulation of the position of the transmitting
  tag. Since the short time UWB signal is very
  broad in frequency spread (typically 1 to 2 GHz
  wide) the system can operate on a very low power
  output and is robust against interference.
  Typically battery-operated radio tags and a
  cellular locating system to detect location of
  tags. Locating system usually deployed as a
  matrix of locating devices (or sensors) . These
  sensors determine the locations of the radio
  tags.
• Pro Accurate Con New, Expensive

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Demo 1 ZigBit Sensor Modules

• This here is a ZigBit device which is a
  low-power, high-sensitivity 802.15.4 / ZigBee
  module. An impressive functionality in less than
  a half square inch of space.

• Wireless Sensor Network Monitor demo here shows
  the network topology, sensor data and the signal
  quality between the nodes.
• The WSN Monitor automatically generates network
  topology diagrams as network nodes are detected
  and added to the system.
• These nodes are then regularly monitored, with
  any sensor data received automatically displayed
  in charts and tables on a PC screen.

• Figure above is a sample application
  demonstrating a building monitoring solution that
  features real-time capture and display of
  temperature and light levels read from remote
  ZigBee sensors.

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Demo 2 Where are you?

• How we can track people and items over an
  existing wireless network in order to make the
  Ambient Intelligence dream a reality
• We generally prefer the 802.11 standards-based,
  "pure play method which requires no readers or
  new cabling

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Summary

• In an ambient intelligence world, devices work in
  concert to support people in carrying out
  everyday life activities and tasks that is hidden
  in the network connecting thesein a natural way
  using information and intelligence devices.
• Ambient intelligence emphasizes people and user
  experience and ensuring that the technology
  disappears into our surroundings until only the
  user interface remains visible to users.
• AmI specifically focuses on the convergence of
  several computing areas.
• The first is ubiquitous computing which focuses
  on self-testing and self repairing software,
  privacy ensuring technology and the development
  of various ad hoc networking capabilities that
  exploit numerous low-cost computing devices.
• The second key area is intelligent systems
  research, which provides learning algorithms and
  pattern matchers, speech recognition and language
  translators, and gesture classification and
  situation assessment. Another area is context
  awareness which attempts to track and position
  objects of all types and represent objects
  interactions with their environments.
• Finally, an appreciation of human-centric
  computer interfaces, intelligent agents,
  multimodal interaction and the social
  interactions of objects in environments is
  essential.