POSITION OF WOMEN EMPLOYED ON SHORTTERM BASIS

1
POSITION OF WOMEN EMPLOYED ON SHORT-TERM BASIS

• Survey
• conducted by Women's Sections of the Union of
  Autonomous Trade Unions of Croatia (UATUC),
  Independent Trade Unions of Croatia (NHS) and
  Croatian Trade Union Association (HUS)
• and
• Gender Equality Ombudswoman
• October 2008
• (Framework results on the sample of 1,123 women)

2
Statistics

• In Croatia, out of all workers who during a year
  conclude employment contract, more than 85 are
  employed only on short-term basis.
• The majority of them are women, up to 90!

3
They were examined

• In the period from February till July 2008
  activists from UATUC, NHS and HUS carried out a
  survey on a representative sample of 1,123 women
  with short-term employment, majority of them from
  textile and food industry, trade and catering,
  health care and education, from several cities
  (mostly from Zagreb, Varadin, Osijek, Rijeka,
  Pula and Koprivnica)

4
Examined

• Examined women are mostly in fertile age
• 20-29 years 35.5
• 30-39 years - 29.4
• 40-49 years 18.2
• 50-59 years 8.7 (gt 91.8)
• According to education, the majority of examined
  women has
• primary school - 10.8
• occupational school - 34.6
• secondary school - 34.2 (gt 79.6)

5
Job

• Executive jobs 41.4
• Independent jobs 19.0
• Junior management jobs 4.6
• Management jobs 2.8
• A large no. does not define their job(25.0).

6
Family status/children

• Single 36.1
• Married 48.3
• Widow 3.4
• Divorced 7.0
• Common-law marriage 4.8
• 1 child 21.7
• 2 children 25.6
• 3 children 7.4
• 4 1.9
• No children 43.4

Majority women in their families have three or
more members (67.8)
7
Wishes and reality

• If we compare achieved and wanted no. of children
  of women who still do not have children, we can
  see that far more women want to have 2 children -
  48.3 as compared to only 25.6 which really have
  children.
• 14.8 of the women in the survey want to have
  three or more children as compared to 9.3 which
  really have three or more children.
• 15.8 women without children, does not even want
  to have children.

8
Too few public services

• Out of all women in the survey 43.4 does not
  have children.
• 636 women who have children, have 410 under-age
  and 312 full-age children, or 1.14 children a
  mother.
• Young children are usually taken care of by their
  mothers and other family members (85.4), and
• only 12.8 of children are in day-care centres.

9
Care for elderly persons

• Even 25 of the examined have an elder, disabled
  or other disadvantaged person in need of care.
• Public services are undeveloped and/or too
  expensive.

10
No assets

• How many women have their own assets?
• HOUSE 13.0
• FLAT 24.8
• SUMMER HOUSE 2.0
• CAR 25.0
• SHARES 6.1
• SAVINGS 20.9

11
Credits

• Women are rarely granted bank credits
• For house 1.7
• For flat 6.1
• For car 9.3
• General 10.3
• No credit 72.6

12
Reasons for short-term employment

• Change of contract 3.4
• New job 85.1
• Own request 2.5
• Before present job
• 32.4 UNEMPLOYED
• 19.3 unemployed up to 3 months
• 12.7 - unemployed up to 4-6 months
• 8.0 unemployed up to 7-12 months
• 8.5 unemployed up to 1-2 years
• 15.5 unemployed more than 2 years
• gt UNEMPLOYED MORE THAN A YEAR 24

13
Duration of current short-term contract

• Up to 1 month 4.5
• 1-2 months 6.9
• 3-5 months 39.3
• 6-12 months 33.6
• 1-2 years 12.7
• Until the return of an absent worker
• only 4.3!

14
Duration of short-term employment with the same
employer

• No renewal
• First time 41.8
• Second time 16.7
• Third time 11.4
• More than 3 times 22.7
• The longest duration of short-term employment
  with the same employer
• 25.4 1-2 years
• 13.3 3-5 years
• 6.9 more than 5 years

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Average woman with a short-term job

• usually in fertile age
• usually without children but dream about having
  children
• has secondary school education
• had a short-term job or was unemployed for a
  short period of time
• works 3.1 years on short-term contracts
• works in shifts, nights, on Sundays, overtime
• her wage is lower than the average wage
• not entitled to take a loan
• most of them have no assets
• many are not entitled to have families
• life without security
• poor chances of getting a full-term job

16
Reasons for non-renewal of employment contract

• Reduction of work 15.3
• Return of worker 13.0
• Cessation of work 9.2
• Personal plans 8.8
• Pregnancy 6.9
• Hiring another person 5.6
• Sick leave 4.8
• Conflict with ones superiors 4.6
• Sick leave for a child 2.6
• Trade union membership 1.2

17
Description of work

• 72.0 works in shifts
• 37.0 works overtime
• 36.1 works on Sundays
• 26.5 difficult manual work
• 19.2 works nights
• 11.8 works beyond their job description

18
Therefore they are underpaid...

• 35.7 only up to 2,500 kuna
• 50.9 from 2,500 to 4,700 kuna
• Only about 10 receive more than the average wage

19
Standard of work

• 79.9 has lunch break
• 79.9 uses toilet when necessary
• 51.1 good relations of the management
• 51.2 does not have problems if they get sick
• 23.2 does not have problems if they get
  pregnant

20
Benefits, perks

• 77.8 travel allowance
• 56.3 Christmas bonus
• 45.5 vacation bonus
• 46.2 warm food allowance, BUT
• 28.5 paid overtime
• 12.2 award for good work, incentive
  pay

21
Wage, contributions

• Taxes and contributions on full wage only have
  67.6 female workers, 9.6 on minimal wage, and
  others lower than real or they do not know. 20
  work additionally undeclared.

• How they got the present job
• connection 20.1
• acquaintance 18.0
• job vacancy 33.6
• employment service 17.7

22
Warnings during hiring for employment

• Asked about marital status 46.2
• Asked about children 42.1
• Does she plan to have children 14.7
• Signed that she wont get pregnant 1.8
• Asked not to be in the trade union 7.8
• On-call work 12.9

23
Job security

• Short-term contract will be continued 42.4
• Will get full-term contract 17.3
• I don't know, constant fear of dismissal 28.1
• Short-term employment suits me 3.8
• CONCLUSION
• Short-term employment less rights
• Afraid to ask for ones rights
• No right to career prospects
• No right to bank credits
• No right to have children

24
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25
Satisfaction

• Despite everything, examined women are fairly
  satisfied with their private life, family and
  partner, significantly less with their job, free
  time and financial status
• Grades from 1/dissatisfied - to 5/very satisfied.
• 3.48 satisfied with their job
• 3.79 satisfied with their life
• 3.96 satisfied with their partner
• 4.27 satisfied with their family
• 2.92 satisfied with their financila status
• 3.09 satisfied with their free time

26
Free time
In their free time they usually work at home,
watch TV, read newspapers and books, do sports or
go to coffee bars.
27
Future? Dreams?

• How they see their future
• Search for full-term employment 47.1
• Continue education 24.9
• Start their own business 8.5
• Work on short-term contract 6.0
• Marry, be supported by spouse 2.7
• Work undeclared 4.6