Lecture One

1
Lecture One

• Objectives
• 1. List criteria for characterization of
  peripheral blood cells
• 2. Describe features of different cell types
• red blood cells
• platelets
• white blood cells Neutrophils
• Lymphocytes
• Monocytes
• Eosinophils
• Basophils
• Bands
• .

2
Cell Features

• 1. Granules
• 2. Nucleus
• 3. Cytoplasm
• Things to look at color
• character
• amount

3
Granules

• Color
• orange (eosinophilic)
• blue (basophilic)
• purple (azurophilic)
• lavender (neutrophilic)
• Character
• size - fine / medium / large
• other -dust-like / refractile irregular /
  scattered obscure nucleus? / nonspecific or
  specific
• Number
• abundant or few?

4
Nucleus

• Color
• pale, delicate, intensely purple
• Character
• shape - round / oval / irregular folded /
  segmented
• chromatin - fine / clumped / lacy
• loose / delicate / smooth lumpy /
  dense /pyknotic homogeneous / compact
• nucleoli - present or not?
• Amount NC ratio
• decreases with maturity

5
Cytoplasm

• Color
• sky blue / gray blue / pink
• Character
• shape of cell - round / irregular oval /
  pseudopods
• other - clear / opaque
• Amount
• scant / abundant

6
Peripheral Blood Cells

• erythrocyte -- rbc
• leukocytes -- wbc
• granulocytes neutrophils
• eosinophils
• basophils
• lymphocytes T cells
• B cells
• null cells
• monocytes
• platelets -- from megakaryocytes

7
Red blood cell

• nucleus
• none
• cytoplasm
• reddish-pink, with an area of central pallor
  reflecting the biconcave shape
• granules
• none

8
Platelets

• nucleus
• none
• cytoplasm
• light blue to purple
• granules
• fine azurophilic aggregated in the center
• shape
• round or elliptical with a central granular area
  (chromomere) and a peripheral clear, blue,
  non-granular zone on the outside (hyalomere)

9
Neutrophil

• nucleus
• 3 - 5 lobes, course darkly stained, lumpy
  chromatin
• cytoplasm
• light pink
• granules
• abundant, evenly distributed, small, lavender
  granules
• neutrophilic

10
Large Lymphocyte

• nucleus
• round or slightly indented flat dense
  chromatin with peripheral condensation
• cytoplasm
• clear or transparent, pale blue may be indented
  by surrounding cells
• granules
• may have small numbers of irregularly
  distributed, medium-sized, azurophilic granules

11
Small Lymphocyte

• nucleus
• round, oval or notched darkly staining,
  clumped chromatin
• cytoplasm
• clear, small rim of light blue
• granules
• usually none

12
Monocyte

• nucleus
• round, oval, indented, folded, or kidney-shaped
  or showing "brain-like convolutions", staining a
  pale bluish-violet
• cytoplasm
• abundant opaque gray-blue ground glass
  appearance, often with vacuoles, and pseudopods
• granules
• many fine dust-like azurophilic or lilac granules

13
Basophil

• nucleus
• usually obscured by granules lobed, coarse
  chromatin
• cytoplasm
• pale pink, obscured by the granules
• granules
• abundant, large, prominent blue-black granules
• basophilic

14
Eosinophil

• nucleus
• usually bi-lobed with darkly stained, course
  chromatin
• cytoplasm
• light pink, often obscured by granules
• granules
• large, abundant, spherical, bright orange-red
  granules which may lie on top of the nucleus
• eosinophilic