The Etruscans

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The Etruscans
Unit Ancient Rome
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ITALY MAP QUIZ FOCUS
CITIES Bari Venice Milan Bologna
Genoa Rome Turin Florence Palermo
Reggio de Calabria LANDFORMS/NATIONS
Sicily Switzerland Sardinia Slovenia San
Marino PHYSICAL FEATURES/BODIES OF WATER Gulf of
Taranto Gulf of Venice Gulf of Genoa
Ionian Sea Ligurian Sea Strait of
Sicily Adriatic Sea Mediterranean Sea
Tyrrhenian Sea Strait of Messina
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The Etruscans

• Dominated central and northern Italian Peninsula
• Confederation of city-states
• Flourishing trade with the East
• Alphabet based on Greek- not totally decipherable
• Great respect for women

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The Etruscans

• Influences on Rome
• The Arch
• The Vault
• Gladiator combat (funeral rite)
• Studying animal entrails

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Geography

• Few natural resources
• Although coastline extensive, few natural harbors
  limited seafaring skills
• Predominantly agricultural Plains of Latium
• Land open to invasion / farmer-soldiers

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Early Greek Influences

• Greek colonies on peninsula / Sicily
• Influences include
• Religion
• Alphabet
• Crops- grapes and olives

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Origin of the Etruscans

• Between 900 and 500 BCE
• Called themselves the Rasenna gtthe
  Greeks called them Tyrrhenioi gtthe Romans
  called them the Etruscans.
• Came from eastern Mediterranean, possibly Asia
  Minor.
• Their land was called Etruria.

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The Land of the Etruscans
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Etruscans
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Etruscan Political System

• Independent, fortified city-states.
• Formed small confederacies.
• Had a strong military that dominated all the
  surrounding peoples.
• By 6 C.BCE, the Etruscan military had conquered
  much of the Italian peninsula,including Rome
  and the island of Corsica.

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Etruscan Military
6c BCE Chariot
Bronze Warrior
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Etruscan Writing

• Most inscriptions found on tombs and monuments
  and mirrors.
• We can pronounce Etruscanwords, because they use
  analphabet similar to Greek, but wehave no clue
  about their meaning.
• Over 10,000 Etruscan inscriptions.

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Lemnos Stelae 6c BCE
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The Etruscan Alphabet
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Etruscan Writing Tablet
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Etruscan Religion

• Polytheistic.
• Believed that the destiny of manwas determined
  by the whims of the gods.
• Believed in prophecy and readingthe signs of
  nature by augurs.
• Believed in predestination.

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Reconstruction of anEtruscan Temple
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Etruscan Cemetery
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Etruscan Funeral Tomb
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Etruscan Tomb Wall Tomb Fresco
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Interior of an Etruscan Tomb
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Sarcophagus of an Etruscan Couple
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Etruscan Gold Jewelry
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Life-Size Statue of an Etruscan Baby in Swaddling
Clothes
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Etruscan Art

• Art created for religious or utilitarianpurposes.
  
• Most famous pieces created out ofterracotta.
• Many murals and frescoes on tomb walls.
• Lively depictions of lifedancing, games,music,
  and feasting.
• Pottery at first copies of Greek works. Later,
  created their own bronze pottery.
• Bronze crafts mirrors, bowls, candelabra.

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Dance
Double Flutist
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An Etruscan Banquet
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Etruscan Wrestlers
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Etruscan Jars Vases
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Etruscan Bronzes
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The Gate of VolterraFirst known Archway in
History!
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Tarquin Etruscan Rulers of Rome
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The Origins of Rome

• Indo-Europeans 2,000-1,000 BCE
• City-state of Rome founded 753 BCE
• Tiber River / Seven Hills of Rome
• Strategic importance

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Tiber River / Seven Hills of Rome
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The Origins of Rome

• Romulus and Remus
• Rape of the Sabine Women

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Romulus and Remus
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Romulus and Remus Rome's twin founders
Foundation myth Descendants of the Trojan
prince and refugee Aeneas Fathered by Mars ltor
the demi-god Herculesgt and Rhea Silvia
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Uncle exposes them to die in wild. Found by a
she-wolf who suckles and cares for them. Twins
are eventually restored to their regal
birthright, Acquire many followers Decide to
found a new city.
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Romulus and Remus given shelter by
Pietro-da-Cortona
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Romulus wishes new city on Palatine Hill Remus
prefers Aventine Hill. Agree to determine the
site through augury. Romulus appears to receive
the sign, but each claims the truth.
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Tiber River / Seven Hills of Rome
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Disputes follow, Remus is killed. Romulus names
the new city Rome, after himself Creates the
Roman Legions and the Roman Senate.
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Adds citizens to his new city by abducting the
women of the neighboring Sabine tribes, Result
combination of Sabines and Romans as one Roman
people. Rome rapidly expands
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Rape of the Sabine Women
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Dominant force, due to Divine guidance and
Inspired administrative, military and
political leadership of Romulus. Romulus
increasingly autocratic Disappears in mysterious
circumstances Deified as the god Quirinus
Divine persona of the Roman people.
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The History of Rome

• Roman history in three major political phases
• The Kingdom (753-507)- Traditionally, rule by
  seven kings from Romulus to Tarquinius Superbus
• The Republic (507-31)- Rule by Senate, Consuls,
  Assemblies, and dictators
• The Empire (31 BCE 476 CE)- Rule by emperors

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