... male, female, lactating mothers, pregnant mothers

1
ABC The Problem-Solution Agenda

• A Presentation On Street Dog Population Control
• Before the
• Hon Lokayuktha,Bangalore
• By ABC Centres on Tuesday, 02.07.2002

2
Past Strategies

• BMP had adopted a policy of mass killing of dogs
  by electrocution for the past 60 years. (1939 to
  1999)
• About 160 dogs per day, about 50,000 per year.
• Lakhs of dogs- male, female, lactating mothers,
  pregnant mothers, puppies are caught and killed.
• This went on on on .

3
Mass Electrocution
4
The Result of Electrocution

• Inspite of killing more than 25,00,000 dogs
• Dog Population continued to increase
• Dog bites continued to increase
• Deaths due to rabies continued to increase
• Aptly in WHO document, to quote Dr K Bogel,
  Chief Veterinary Public Health Unit, WHO, Geneva,
  Switzerland J.A. Hoyt, President, WSPA state
  that
• All too often, authorities confronted with the
  problems caused by these dogs have turned to mass
  destruction in the hope of finding a quick
  solution, only to discover that the destruction
  had to continue, year after year with no end in
  sight.

5
Lets Examine Why Killing fails?

• Dog for dog replacement every time a dog is
  killed.
• Bangalore, an expanding city dogs moving in from
  the outskirts in search of easy access to food
• Example Kiran Koshy,34, an employee of Lintas
  says, I know the dogs on my street were taken
  away twice to be killed. Today, I see 15 dogs
  more.
• The pattern was the same in Delhi, Mumbai,
  Chennai, Kolkatta, Jaipur, Vishakapatnam, Goa,
  Secunderabad, Hyderabad, Pune, Mysore, Mangalore,
  Hubli, etc, etc.
• The pattern has been the same in China the
  closest to India by way of population and area.

6
Why do dogs bite?

• During the mating season, rivalry among male dogs
  for the female is high
• The female dog is aggressive, being hounded by
  packs of males
• The female while protecting her litter of puppies
• Provocation from humans chased, pelted with
  stones, teased

7
ABC The Credentials Test

• On sterilising 70 of the street dog population,
  it gets stabilised
• Actively recommended by the WHO, specially for
  Asian countries
• Tried and tested in Jaipur, Mumbai, Delhi,
  Chennai,Kolkatta, Vishakapatnam, Goa,
  Secunderabad, Hyderabad.
• Adopted and followed on a war footing in Pune,
  Mysore, Mangalore, Hubli, Darjeeling, Kota,
  Ajmer, Jamshedpur, Vishakapatnam, Jodhpur,
  Baroda, Ahmedabad, Chandigarh, Jamshedpur,
  Nagapattinam, Salem, Kanchipuram, (TN), Nellore,
  Tirupati, Anantpur district (AP), Pondicherry,
  Jallandhar, to name a few

8
ARV Credentials Test

• As per WHO once 70 of Dog Population has been
  vaccinated death due to Rabies stops.
• Further it has also been pointed out by Dr F.-X.
  Meslin of the Dept of Communicable Diseases
  Surveillance of WHO,
• "Rabies elimination by vaccination of the dog
  population is the most cost-beneficial strategy".
  (Source APCRI Journal, Vol, I, Issue 2, 2000)

9

• 4th International Symposium on Rabies Control in
  Asia organized with the co-sponsorship of the
  World Health Organization --
• "Elimination of rabies in humans requires control
  of rabies in dogs. Vaccination of dogs is a
  cost-effective means for achieving this goal and
  may be THE only long-term solution to the problem
  of rabies in humans.
• www.who.int/emc/diseases/zoo/rabies_symposium1.htm
  l

10
Benefits of ABC/ARV programme

• The following benefits are observed in cities
  following ABC/ARV programme
• Reduction in dog population
• Reduction in dog bite cases
• Reduction in rabies deaths

11
Advantage ABC

• Permanent, one time solution
• Dogs when returned to their streets prevent new
  dogs from coming in as they are territorial by
  nature
• Familiarity with the residing people therefore
  keep to themselves
• Control the rodent population, guard the streets
• The average life of the street dog is only 4-5
  years.
• Dog bites come down

12
Learned Judges of India favour ABC/ARV

• High Courts all over India unanimously favour
  Sterilization/Vaccination inspite of local laws
  favouring Killing of dogs
• Examples include
• Delhi High Court Suit No. 1246/92.
• Hyderabad-Secunderabad High Court WP No. 18669 of
  1994
• Vishakhapatnam High Court WP 5483 of 1997
• Jaipur High Court.
• Goa High Court WP No. 373 of 1998
• Mumbai High Court WP No. 1596 of 1998
• Karnataka High Court WP 1921 of 1991
• Karnataka High Court WP 1970 37359 of 2001

13
Indian Success Stories
14
The Jaipur Example

• After Jaipur High Court Judgement in 1994 ABC/ARV
  was started and has continued without hinderance
  from public, media or municipal authorities.
• The results spectacular
• No Rabies death for past 4 years.
• Dog bites reduced from 2500 in 1994 to about 100
  in 2001.
• Most visitors to Jaipur comment that Jaipur
  street dogs are the healthiest in India and in
  far better conditions than in other towns and
  cities that do not have ABC programme.
• Jaipur project is known world wide as a
  successful pioneering project.

15
ABC/ARVInternationally Favoured
16
Bangkok goes the Jaipur and Bangalore way

• Bangkok's stray dogs to be sterilised and
  microchipped
• BANGKOK, March 12,02 (AFP) - The plan calls for
  the Bangkok Metropolitan Authority's Health
  Department and three universities to work
  together on catching and neutering the city's
  estimated 120,000 dogs.
• Stray dogs "are a major problem for the whole of
  Bangkok," said health department director Krit
  Hiranras. Around 3,50,000 people were bitten by
  dogs considered to be potentially infected with
  rabies last year, according to the Ministry of
  Public Health.
• A male dog would cost around 400 baht (nine
  dollars) to sterilise, while a female would cost
  500 baht, Krit said, with the total cost of 54
  million baht (INR 6 Crores) to be footed by the
  city authorities.
• A cull is deemed unacceptable in the
  predominantly Buddhist country.
• Source by Agence France-Presse.

17
Fethiye,Turkey adopts ABC/ARV

• The Fethiye Stray Dog Project is the first of its
  kind in southwestern Turkey. It is a locally
  based, professionally managed operation that
  takes in strays, gives them vaccinations and
  medical care, sterilizes them, then releases them
  back to the streets once they are healthy.
• In its first year, the project significantly
  reduced the number of incidents involving
  aggressive dogs. Its ongoing success has
  encouraged the municipality of Fethiye to
  increase its support for the project.
• The Fethiye Stray Dog Project offers localities
  throughout Turkey and the world a proven model
  program that can reduce stray dog overpopulation,
  improve the health of individual animals, and
  reduce human-animal conflicts.
• www.ifaw.org

18
How Sri Lanka, Thailand have reduced incidences
of rabies

• Developing Asian countries like Thailand, Laos,
  Vietnam, Sri Lanka, Philippines have seen marked
  reduction in rabies cases, NOT BECAUSE OF DOG
  DESTRUCTION CAMPAIGNS but because of
  Vaccinations.
• It is up to us to either copy cruel practices
  which does not change rabies scenario or to adopt
  scientific policies which benefit humans more.

19
Killing of DogsInternational Failures
20
Why Rabies Exists in Dog unfriendly Pakistan?

• According to Dr. Naseem Salahuddin, Liaquat
  National Hospital, Karachi
• The Incidence of Dog Bites from potentially
  rabid dogs is rising alarmingly .. great public
  anxiety ... In Karachi, with a population of 13
  million, the major referral centers including
  Govt. Hospitals report 55-60 cases of Dog bite
  per day and private hospitals 3-5 per day.
  Periodic dog destruction campaigns in large
  cities have not significantly reduced the number
  of dog bite cases. The incidence of Rabies in
  Karachi was estimated to be 9 per million
  population.
• Source WHO/CDS/CSR/APH/2000.5

21
Animal Bites and Rabies Situation in IranM.
Zeynali DVM, MPH, A. Fayaz DVM, PhD, A. Nadim
MD, PhDDepartment General of Disease
Control, Ministry of Health and Medical
Education, Tehran, Iran

• In Iran, the number of reported animal bites has
  increased dramatically from 66,370 in 1987 to
  183,000 in 1997.
• Although the number of animal bites in our
  country is increasing, this rise is commensurate
  with the population growth rather than a genuine
  rise in prevalence.
• Source www.sums.ac.ir

22
Similar is the situation in some of the following
Asian Countries

• Afganistan
• Bangladesh
• Bhutan
• Cambodia
• Iran
• Iraq
• Jordan

• North Korea
• Nepal
• Saudi Arabia
• Syria
• Ukraine
• Uzbekistan
• Yemen

23
An Overview of Killer Diseases

• Infectious diseases are the world biggest killer
  of children and adults.
• Six diseases cause 90 of infectious disease
  deaths and rabies is not one of them.
• Prominent killer diseases
• HIV/AIDS 336 Lakhs, with no cure in Horizon.
• Pneumonia 35 Lakhs
• Diarrheoal diseases 20 Lakhs
• TB 15 Lakhs/year
• Malaria 10 Lakhs/year
• Measles 9 Lakhs
• One in two deaths in developing countries per
  hour is because of these diseases. 1500 people
  die per hour, more than 50 children under 5.
• Source www.who.int

24
To recap

• A terrific cohesive movement taking shape with
  NGO services complementing BMPs efforts.
• Dog Population under Decline
• Dog Bites under Decline
• Death due to rabies is NIL in Bangalore.
• Highlights of BMP action plan
• Garbage to be tacked aggressively.
• Awareness programmes that will generate public
  support and participation in the ABC Programme
  tackle public ignorance, spreading of rumours and
  false information.
• Vaccination and Licensing to be intensified.

25
ABC The Pro-Person Programme

• Thank you for your time