ISYE 3103

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ISYE 3103

• Automatic Identification and
• Data Collection Technology

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Objectives

• Understand importance of data collection
• Learn basics of different data collection
  technologies
• Investigate trade-offs between different
  technologies

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Data

• Examples part numbers, dates and times,
  quantities, employee numbers, etc.
• Data converted into information is required for
  making good decisions

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Need Quality Data

• What is Quality Data?
• Accurate
• Timely
• Effective
• Reliable

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Manual Data Entry
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Manual Data Entry

• Highly prone to errors
• The more complex the data entry, the higher the
  probability of making an error
• Slow
• Costly

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Error Rates of Data Collection

• Keyboard manual input
• 1 in 300
• Bar codes
• 1 in 3 million
• Depending on the bar code technology, the error
  rates can be even lower

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Automatic Data Collection Technologies
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Automatic Data Collection Technologies

• Bar Coding
• RFID Radio Frequency Identification
• Optical Character
• Recognition
• Magnetic Stripe
• Smart Cards

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Where is Auto Data Collection Used?
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Where is Auto Data Collection Used?

• Retail
• Manufacturing
• Distribution
• Healthcare
• Military

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Bar Coding

• Spatial representation of encoded characters

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Bar Code System Steps

• Coding requirement what are data needs?
• Machine readable language Symbology. How will
  data be encoded?
• Bar code printing
• Bar code verification quality control
• Bar code scanning read the data
• Transmit data
• Use the data

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Bar Coding

• Symbology vs. Data Structure
• Symbology Types
• Bars
• 2-D
• Matrix
• Self-checking

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Data Structures

• Global Trade Item Number
• Unique 14 digit number to identify items in the
  supply chain
• Contains many different data structures, e.g.
• U.P.C.
• EPC
• EAN/UCC-14

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Bar Code Readers

• Wands
• Lasers
• Charged Couple
• Devices (CCD)

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Bar Code Readers - Wands

• Advantages
• Lightweight
• Lower cost
• Rugged
• Lower power requirement

• Disadvantages
• Training required
• Efficiency
• Contact scanning

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Bar Code Readers - CCD

• Advantages
• Moderate cost
• Easy to use
• No moving parts (rugged)
• Light weight
• Typically decoded output

• Disadvantages
• Limited depth of field

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Bar Code Readers - Lasers

• Advantages
• Depth of field
• User acceptance

• Disadvantages
• Power requirements
• Higher cost
• Prone to break-downs

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Bar Code Labels

• Characteristics cost, texture, ease of
  application, resistance to the elements, tendency
  to peel, life expectancy, resistance to
  scratching/tearing
• Types Paper, vinyl, polystyrene,
• Must choose based
• on requirements

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Bar Code Printing

• On-site vs. Off-site
• Performance factors
• Speed
• Contrast
• Accuracy
• Choose printer to meet your needs

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Bar Code Verification

• Bridge between printing and scanning
• Quality control checking the bar codes for
  readability (not just by scanning)
• Why verify? prevent errors, fines
• When to verify? during printing process, when
  things done to bar code

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Cost of Bar Coding

• Average cost of system 50-250 K
• Average payback less than 5 months
• Consider cost of correcting a mistake
• Wrong item shipped to customer
• Wrong part installed on an aircraft
• Wrong medicine administered to a patient

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Bar Coding

• Advantages

• Disadvantages

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Bar Coding

• Advantages
• Relatively inexpensive
• Widely used
• Open system
• Standards

• Disadvantages
• Symbol must be visible
• Static data
• Symbol may be degraded or separated from product

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Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)

• Uses radio waves to transmit data
• Non contact, no line of sight required
• Suitable for harsh conditions
• Three Components to System
• Transponder (RF tag)
• Antenna or coil
• Transceiver (with decoder)

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Pushing RFID

• Major customers are demanding RFID
• Wal-mart
• Department of Defense

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RFID Tags

• Active vs. Passive
• Read Only and Read/Write

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RFID Antennae

• Various shapes and sizes
• Wide range of frequencies
• Can transmit through non-metallic objects

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RFID Controller

• Interface between antenna and host system
• Often combined with antenna

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Applications of RFID

• Transportation/Distribution
• FDA keeping drug supply safe
• Retail electronic surveillance
• Automated toll collection
• Controlled access of personnel
• Flexible manufacturing systems

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RFID at Item Level

• As RFID chips become cheaper, may become feasible
  to have an RFID chip on every product you buy
• What are potential benefits?
• Who benefits?
• Who pays?

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RFID

• Advantages

• Disadvantages

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RFID

• Advantages
• No line of sight required
• Read and write

• Disadvantages
• Relatively higher cost
• Privacy concerns

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Bringing it Together

• Supply Chain Management requires lots of data
  that is timely and accurate
• Automatic Data Collection technologies can
  provide this data at relatively lower cost

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Have a Nice Day!