Electronics Recycling Developments in WV and the US

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Electronics Recycling Developments in WV and the
US
ICEEP January 14, 2008
Jason Linnell Executive Director
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Overview

• About Us
• Why Recycle Electronics?
• Process Overview
• WV Program and Results
• Legislative Background
• State Programs
• Timelines
• Outlook

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About Us
NCERs Mission Dedicated to the development and
enhancement of a national infrastructure for the
recycling of used electronics in the U.S.
through

• The coordination of initiatives targeting the
  recycling of used electronics
• Participation in pilot projects to advance and
  encourage electronics recycling
• The development of programs that reduce the
  burden of government through private management
  of electronics recycling systems
• Non-profit 501c3
• Located in Parkersburg, WV area (Davisville)
• Polymer Tech Park

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Why Recycle Electronics?
To conserve natural resources Valuable material
can be recovered and reused! To support the
community Donating your old electronics supports
schools, low-income families, and non-profits by
providing needed electronics. To create local
jobs As demand for electronics recycling
increases, new businesses will form and existing
companies will grow. To protect public health and
the environment Most electronics contain
hazardous materials that should not be
disposed of in landfills.
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Dismantling Process

• Electronics shipped from collection site to the
  recycler pallets or Gaylord boxes.
• Materials received, weighed, and tracked through
  computerized bar-code system.

1.
2.
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Dismantling Process 2
3.

• Materials to triage area to separate resalable
  commodities such as cords, power supplies and
  keyboards.
• Other products move dismantling by workers
  stationed along a conveyor belt.

4.
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Dismantling Process 3

1. Products are disassembled with machine tools and
   resulting materials into separate Gaylord boxes.

5.

• Typically separated materials included plastic
  housings, circuit boards, ferrous metals,
  non-ferrous metals and bare Cathode Ray Tubes
  (once removed from housings).

6.
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What Is The NCER Doing in WV?

• Spear-heading electronics
• recycling collection events across the state
• Encouraging a more consistent
  national infrastructure for electronics
  recycling
• Building relationships with partners for
  electronics recycling opportunities in WV
• Developing an efficient collection system model
• Positioning WV on the
• leading edge of long-term issue!

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2006 Collection EventsWVHTC Foundation Grant

• Our 2006 collection events
• 9 WV counties
• Collected more than 230,000 pounds
• Attracted more than 1,700
• participants (by vehicle)
• Gained local and national
• media attention
• And most importantly, educated the
• public of the need to recycle electronics
• Partners in 2006 Amandi Services (recycler),
  SDR Technologies (plastics recycler), WVDEP,
  WV SWMB, WVHTC Foundation

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Wood County49,633 lbs recycledKanawha
County33,238 lbs recycledBerkeley County34,405
lbs recycledMarion County25,301 lbs
recycledGreenbrier County 19,607 lbs
collected
2006 Events
Putnam County 17,592 lbs collectedMonongalia
County14,240 lbs recycledUpshur County14,752
lbs collected Marshall County12,153 lbs
recycledTaylor County5,168 lbs collected
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2007 Collection Events

• State Grant from REAP Program
• Our 2007 collection events
• 6 WV counties
• Collected 228,543 pounds
• Attracted more than 1,990
• participants (by vehicle)
• Gained local and national
• media attention
• And most importantly, educated the
• public of the need to recycle electronics
• Partners in 2007 eco International (recycler,
  formerly Amandi/Envirocycle), WVDEP, numerous
  County Solid Waste Authorities

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• Total pounds of
• electronics collected
• by the NCER in 2006 2007
• 466,468!

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NCER Collection Events 06-07
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State-Level Policy Activities
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LegislativeBackground

• First state electronics recycling mandate in the
  U.S. was in CA enacted in 2003
• Eight more state mandates since
• Maine (2004)
• Maryland (2005)
• Washington (2006)
• Connecticut (2007)
• Minnesota (2007)
• North Carolina (2007)
• Oregon (2007)
• Texas (2007)
• In all of these states, the penalty for
  non-compliance is
• products ineligible for sale in the state, and/or
  
• financial penalties per each sale of covered
  products

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Where Do We Stand?

• Ten programs with mandatory financing
• CA, ME, MD, MN, NC, OR, TX, WA
• AR (often overlooked)
• 95 million US residents
• or 32 of US population
• Upcoming disposal bans
• NH, RI, AR

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Product Scope By State
Desktops, Laptops (over 4 inch), TVs (over 4
inch), Monitors (over 4 inch) Laptops, TVs
(over 9 inch), Monitors (over 9 inch) Desktops,
Laptops, TVs (over 4 inch), Monitors (over 4
inch) TVs with exclusions (over 4 inch),
Monitors (over 4 inch), Laptops (over 4
inch) TVs (over 4 inch), Monitors (over 4
inch), Laptops (over 4 inch)
Product scope for MD and MN includes products
triggering a manufacturer obligation to
participate in the program.
Desktops, monitors, laptops
Desktops, monitors, laptops, keyboard, mice, and
other peripheral equipment (excluding printers)
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Adding Covered EntitiesOur Patchwork QuiltCan
you find two that match?!!
-Households -Small Businesses -Non-Profits -Any
Entity w/ Fewer Than 7 Devices
-Households -Small Governments -Small
Businesses -School Districts -Charities
Consumers Only (Who Use Computer Equipment for
Home or Home Business Use)
Any Entity
Households Only
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More Patches Financing
SHARE
RETURNS2
ARF - Electronic Waste Recycling Fee, assessed on
the sale of covered electronic products FEE -
Manufacturer Annual Registration Fees (can be
significantly reduced by establishing an
approved take-back program) SHARE -
Manufacturers must finance a program to collect
recycle their brands share of covered products,
either collectively or independently (Oregons
collective program is managed by the state DEQ,
WAs collective program is run by a
manufacturer-managed authority.) LBS.
SOLD Manufacturer pays registration fee and for
collection and recycling of covered electronic
devices based on their yearly sales to
households
LBS. SOLD
SHARE
ARF
FEE
RETURNS1
RETURNS1
RETURNS 1 - Manufacturers must develop and
implement their own recycling programs for their
own returned products (TX requires program to
collect from consumers, NC requires program to
collect from collectors). RETURNS 2 -
Manufacturers pay for transportation and
recycling of their own branded products collected
by others plus a pro rata share of all orphan
products
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Still More Patches Manufacturer Definitions

• Maine and Minnesota both allow non-brand owners
  to claim responsibility for brands
• Washington and Maryland requires brand owner
  to be responsible for that brand
• Oregon allows only brand owner or licensee to be
  manufacturer
• Maine and Washington cover historic producers,
  even if no longer in that product market

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What Do All Of These TVs Have In Common?
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Same Brand, Different Manufacturer

• Barbie Brand TVs
• Registered by Mattel, Inc. in WA and Emerson
  Radio Consumer Products in ME and MN
• Sponge Bob Squarepants TVs
• Registered by Nickelodeon in WA, Emerson Radio
  Consumer Products in ME and Imation Corp. in MN
• Disney TVs
• Registered by Disney Computer Products, Inc. in
  WA and MemCorp, Inc. in ME
• Challenge Recycling responsibility sometimes on
  brand licensees sometimes licensors

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California

• Law passed in 2003
• Point of sale fee on for any purchase of certain
  products over 4 inches diagonal screen size
• 6, 8, or 10 depending on screen size
• Effective January 1, 2005 on
• CRT devices (TVs monitors)
• LCD devices (laptops and monitors)
• LCD and Plasma TVs added July 1, 2005
• Portable DVD players as of Jan 1 2007
• But NOT desktop computers, other audio/video
  devices

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Financial OperationalRequirements

• California
• Manufacturers collect/remit ARF on direct sales,
  retain 3
• Manufacturers required to annually notify
  retailers of products covered by ARF.  
• Retailers collect/remit ARF on sales to CA
  customers (retain 3)
• 20,000 retailers with 30,000 retail locations
  (300 large 90)
• Retailers only sell branded products and that
  meet RoHS restrictions for heavy metals. 

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CA Law Mechanics

• Collected fees into state fund
• Disbursements made to qualified collectors and
  recyclers at 0.48/lb
• 500 Approved Collectors 50 Approved Recyclers
• Estimate 2007 Collection total 210 million lbs

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Maine Law

• Passed in 2004 covers TVs and computer monitors
  (includes laptops) from Maine households
• Municipalities collect from household,
  send/contract to state-approved consolidators
  (facility or pickup)
• Collection from household not funded by system
• Consolidators count brands, follow ESM
  guidelines, bill manufacturers for actual count
  orphan share
• Manufacturers submit compliance plans, file
  reports, pay invoices from all consolidators

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Financial OperationalRequirements

• Maine
• Manufacturers/Retailers meeting manufacturer
  definition choose recycling plan method of
  payment
• Pay consolidator count of claimed brands
  orphans
• Pick up pile of return share weight orphans
• OR, have branded product separated orphans for
  pickup by chosen recycler
• As of December 2007, 394 brands claimed by 167
  manufacturers

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Maryland Computer Recycling Law

• Passed in 2005
• Creates statewide recycling program
• Registration and fee required for manufacturers
  of more than 1,000 covered devices per year
• 1,000 can be sold anywhere, not just in MD
• Computers defined as desktop personal computer
  or laptop computer, including the computer
  monitor
• 2008 now adds TVs

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Financial OperationalRequirements

• Maryland
• New manufacturers pay a 10K initial annual
  registration fee and submit list of brands by
  December 31 each year
• If a manufacturer is renewing, the annual fee is
  5K without a take-back program and 500 with a
  take-back program
• Collected fees to state funds for grants to local
  governments
• Retailers may not sell brands of computers
  without brand labels or whose manufacturer has
  not paid a registration fee.

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Washington Law

• Producer Responsibility with default
• Manufacturer responsible for equivalent share
  either on own
• or pay into State quasi-govt organization
• No collection goal, but must meet your at
  years end or pay penalty
• (refund if collecting more than )
• Covers CA/ME products Desktop Computers
• Ban on exports to developing countries according
  to Basel Convention VETOED
• Programs must be effective Jan 2009

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Financial OperationalRequirements

• Washington
• Manufacturers may/must join Standard Plan (no
  choice if a white box or new entrant
  manufacturer) to manage and finance recycling
  program
• Manufacturers may petition to start on own or
  with others an independent plan (if combined
  return share above 5)
• Retailer may not sell covered products if
  manufacturer is not registered and part of an
  approved plan
• Violation for both retailer and manufacturer
• As of late December 2007, 196 manufacturers
  with 266 total brands

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Financial OperationalRequirements

• Minnesota
• Manufacturers must recycle or purchase rights
  to pounds for volume equal to 60 of weight sold
  in MN (Jul 07 Jun 08)
• Increases to 80 in FY 08
• Annual report and penalties per pound for any
  shortfall, excess can be converted to credits
• Retailer may not sell covered products if
  manufacturer is not registered
• Retailer must report to manufacturer on its
  brand(s) sales by Jul 1 annually

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Financial OperationalRequirements

• Connecticut
• Like Maine, state approves recyclers and submit
  bills to manufacturers for their brands
  collected orphan share
• Orphans determined by market, not return share
• Retailer may not sell covered products if
  manufacturer is not registered and part of an
  approved plan

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Financial OperationalRequirements

• Oregon
• Like WA, manufacturers participate in State
  Contractor Program or Independent Program (5
  return share minimum)
• Computer manufacturers pay based on their share
  of the electronic wastes collected in a year plus
  their share of orphan products recycled.
• Television manufacturers based on return share,
  with the recycling fee prorated based on market
  share
• No separate authority, state DEQ runs/outsources
  Contractor Program
• Annual cost for Contractor Program due Sept 1
  (total cost for year)
• Manufacturers register and pay fee annually
• Retailers must ensure they sell only CEDs from
  registered and compliant manufacturers

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Financial OperationalRequirements

• North Carolina
• Unclear at this point, covered manufacturers
  must submit plan to the state, pay registration
  fee
• AND manufacturers must provide transportation
  and fully cover the costs of processing for
  equipment received from covered product
  collectors (collectors get to central
  locations)

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Financial OperationalRequirements

• Texas
• Manufacturers must adopt and implement recovery
  plans by Sept 1 2008
• Recovery plan must offer cost-free recycling
  opportunity for its products from consumers
  through methods such as mailback, collection
  events, physical collection sites, etc.
• Annual reports from manufacturer due beginning
  Jan 31 2010
• Retailers must ensure brands sold on our state
  compliance list

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Product Design Requirements

• Does not include separate laws on mercury or
  energy.
• California
• Restrictions on heavy metals specified in EU RoHS
  for Californias covered electronic devices
  (CEDs) only
• Maine
• No specific requirements, but state procurement
  preferences
• Maryland, Oregon, Connecticut, Texas, North
  Carolina
• None
• Washington, Minnesota
• Reporting requirement only

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Timelines/Deadlines

• January 1, 2007 RoHS substances banned from
  covered products for sale in CA
• December 31, 2007 Registration due in OR, must
  declare Contractor or intent to pursue own
  program
• January 1, 2008 Registration/admin fees due in
  CT, MD and WA must declare independent or
  standard plan on WA registration form
• February 1, 2008 Initial standard and
  independent plans due in WA to government for
  review/approval
• April 1, 2008 Manufacturers provide list of
  covered products to retailers in CA (including
  portable DVD)

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Timelines/Deadlines

• July 1, 2008 Manufacturer reports due in ME and
  CA retailer reports to manufacturers due in MN
• July 1, 2008 Manufacturer registration fee due
  in OR
• September 1, 2008 Manufacturers in Contractor
  program must pay annual costs for 2009 program in
  OR
• September 1, 2008 Manufacturers submit report to
  MN on pounds collected, pay penalties for
  under-collection
• September 1, 2008 TX recovery plans enforced
• January 1, 2009 Plans must be fully operational
  in WA, OR, CT, NC!

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States to Watch
in 2008

• States expected with significant e-waste activity
  in 2008
• New York/New York City
• Massachusetts
• New Jersey
• Illinois
• Wisconsin
• Pennsylvania
• South Carolina
• North Carolina (again)
• Rhode Island
• Michigan
• Virginia
• Missouri

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Thank You!
Jason Linnell jlinnell_at_electronicsrecycling.org
Visit us on the web www.ncerwv.org www.ecyclin
gresource.org