Fundamentals of Flight

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Fundamentals of Flight

• A Basic Introduction to Aerodynamics

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The Four Forces of Flight
Draw this picture
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The Four Forces of Flight
The four forces act on the airplane in flight and
also work against each other.
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Weight counteracts lift.
The earths gravity pulls down on objects and
gives them weight.
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Whats it take to create lift?

• Air and motion.

How do we explain lift?
Newtons Laws of Motion and Bernoullis Principal
are used to explain lift.
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Newtons Second Law force causes a change in
velocity which in turn generates another force.
Newtons Third Law net flow of air is turned
down resulting in an equal and opposite upward
force.
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Newtons Third Law states that for every action
there is an equal and opposite reaction.
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• Bernoulli's Principle

Hold two sheets of paper together, as shown here,
and blow between them. No matter how hard you
blow, you cannot push them more than a little bit
apart!
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Bernoullis Theory in Action
Air speeds up in the constricted space between
the car truck creating a low-pressure area.
Higher pressure on the other outside pushes them
together.
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A fluid (and air acts like a fluid) speeds up as
it moves through a constricted space
Bernoullis Principle states that, as air speeds
up, its pressure goes down.
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Bernoulli's Principle slower moving air below
the wing creates greater pressure and pushes up.
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Bernoullis Principle Air moving over the wing
moves faster than the air below. Faster-moving
air above exerts less pressure on the wing than
the slower-moving air below. The result is an
upward push on the wing--lift!
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Bernoullis Principal pressure variation around
the wing results in a net aerodynamic pushing up.
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• http//www.grc/nasa.gov/WWW/Wright/airplane/shape.
  html

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A wing creates lift due to a combination of
Bernoullis Principal Newtons Third Law
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Interactive Wright 1901 Wind Tunnel

• Interactive Wright 1901 Wind Tunnel

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Wing Shape

• Internal ribs define the wings shape

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This US Navy Carrier Jet has a very small wing,
how can it fly?
Can you see the airfoil?
Why is the wing small?
What other aerodynamic devices can you see?
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How can an airplane fly upside down?
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• http//www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/Wright/airplane/inclin
  e.html

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Pitch Around the Lateral Axis
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Elevator Controls Pitch
The ELEVATOR controls PITCH. On the horizontal
tail surface, the elevator tilts up or down,
decreasing or increasing lift on the tail. This
tilts the nose of the airplane up and down.
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Roll Around Longitudinal Axis
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Ailerons Control Roll
The AILERONS control ROLL. On the outer rear edge
of each wing, the two ailerons move in opposite
directions, up and down, decreasing lift on one
wing while increasing it on the other. This
causes the airplane to roll to the left or right.
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Yaw Around the vertical Axis
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Rudder Controls Yaw
The RUDDER controls YAW. On the vertical tail
fin, the rudder swivels from side to side,
pushing the tail in a left or right direction. A
pilot usually uses the rudder along with the
ailerons to turn the airplane.
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Which of these airplanes will speed up? Which
will slow down?
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Drag is the force of resistance an aircraft
feels as it moves through the air.
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For an airplane to take off, lift must be greater
than weight.
For an airplane to speed up while flying, thrust
must be greater than drag.
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Engines (either jet or propeller) typically
provide the thrust for aircraft. When you fly a
paper airplane, you generate the thrust.
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A propeller is a spinning wing that generates
lift forward.
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What will happen when the fire-fighting plane
drops its load of water?
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AIRPLANE PARTS
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Airplane Parts
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