Jonathan P' Dowling

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QUANTUM IMAGING HAPPY-N00N YEAR!
Jonathan P. Dowling
Hearne Institute for Theoretical
Physics Department of Physics
Astronomy Louisiana State University Baton Rouge,
Louisiana USA

quantum.phys.lsu.edu
Quantum Imaging MURI Annual Review, 01 October
2007, Boston
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Programmatics N00N State Characterization
N00N State Generation OPA! N00N State
Absorption Miscellaneous
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Hearne Institute for Theoretical Physics Quantum
Science Technologies Group
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The Pizzas Mine!
I Bet He Cheated
However, As We all Know, Some Students Require
a Little Arm Twisting!
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Quantum Imaging Theory
Objective Entangled Photons Beat Diffraction
Limit Lithography With Long-Wavelengths
Dispersion Cancellation Masking Techniques
N-Photon Resists
Accomplishments FY07 Properties of N00N
States Efficient N00N Generators Bright N00N
Generators Thy/Exp Masking Lithography
N-Photon Absorption Loss in N00N-State
Imaging Loss in Interaction Free Imaging
Approach Investigate Which States are
Optimal Design Efficient Quantum State
Generators Investigate Masking Systems
Develop Theory of N-Photon Resist Integrate
into Optical System Design
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PROGRAMMATICS
Budget 100K/Y Personnel Commitment Per
Year Dowling 1 Month ARO 1.5 Months LSU
Matching Hugo Cable (Postdoc) 12 Months
ARO Ryan Glasser (Grad) 12 Months LSU
Matching William Plick (Grad) 12 Months LSU
Matching Facilities 4 Dell Work Stations 2
From DURIP
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FY07 PUBLICATIONS PREPRINTS

• Durkin, GA Dowling, JP, Local and Global
  Distinguishability in Quantum Interferometry,
  PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS, 99 (7) Art. No. 070801
  AUG 17 2007.
• Kapale, KT Dowling, JP, Bootstrapping Approach
  for Generating Maximally Path-Entangled Photon
  States, PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS, 99 (5) Art. No.
  053602 AUG 3 2007.
• Cable H Dowling JP, Efficient Generation of
  Large Number-path Entanglement Using Only Linear
  Optics and Feed-forward, PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS,
  in press, arXiv0704.0678 ltquant-phgt.
• Wildfeuer CF, Lund A, Dowling JP, Strong
  Violations of Bell-type Inequalities for
  Path-Entangled Number States, PHYSICAL REVIEW A,
  in press, arXivquant-ph/0610180.
• VanMeter NM, Lougovski P, Uskov DB, Kieling K,
  Eisert J, Dowling JP, A General Linear-Optical
  Quantum State Generator, submitted to PHYSICAL
  REVIEW LETTERS, arXivquant-ph/0612154.
• DeMartini F, Sciarrino F, Vitelli C, Glasser RT,
  Cable H, Dowling JP, Experimental Sub-Rayleigh
  Resolution by an Unseeded High-gain Optical
  Parametric Amplifier for Quantum Lithography,
  submitted to PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS.

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FY07 LECTURES AT CONFERENCES
Generation and Characterization of N00N States
Using Linear Optics, Hugo Cable and Jonathan P.
Dowling, Symposium on Quantum Information and
Computation, Laser Physics Workshop, 2024 August
2007, León, Mexico (invited). Quantum Sensors,
Jonathan P. Dowling, Fourth SPIE International
Symposium on Fluctuations and Noise, 2024 May
2007, Florence, Italy (invited). Linear
Optical Quantum Computing, Imaging, and
Metrology, Jonathan P. Dowling, International
Conference on Quantum Communication, Measurement,
and Computing, 28 November 3 December, Tokyo,
Japan. Quantum Imaging and Precision
Measurements with N00N States, Jonathan P.
Dowling, Optical Society of America Annual
Meeting, 812 October 2006, Rochester, NY
(invited).
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FY07 Visitors Lecturers _at_ LSU
Malvin Teich, Director, Photonics Center, Boston
University, Boston. Francesco DeMartini,
Department of Physics of the University La
Sapienza, Rome, Italy. Claude Fabre,
Laboratoire Kastler-Brossel Ecole Normale
Superieure and University Pierre et Marie Curie,
Paris. Hans Bachor, Research Director and
Federation Fellow, Australian National Centre of
Excellence for Quantum-Atom Optics, Australian
National University, Canberra.
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Quantum Imaging A Systems Approach
Non-Classical Photon Sources
N-Photon Absorbers
Imaging System
Ancilla Devices
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AN Boto, DS Abrams, CP Williams, JPD, PRL 85
(2000) 2733
N-Photon Absorber
a N a N
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Programmatics N00N State Characterization
N00N State Generation OPA! N00N State
Absorption Miscellaneous
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N00N
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PRA, in press, arXivquant-ph/0610180.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Programmatics N00N State Characterization
N00N State Generation OPA! N00N State
Absorption Miscellaneous
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PRL, in press, arXiv0704.0678
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submitted to PRL, arXivquant-ph/0612154
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Programmatics N00N State Characterization
N00N State Generation OPA! N00N State
Absorption Miscellaneous
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Ryan, Hugo, and Bill The Early Years!
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Entanglement-Seeded Dual OPARyan Glasser, Hugo
Cable, JPD (in preparation)

• Two identical OPAs pumped with the same laser are
  seeded with the entangled input
• Input state created from a spontaneous parametric
  downconverter and the Hong-Ou-Mandel effect.
• Output state is

• The factor depends on the phase of the
  OPAs, the gain (r) and the values of n and m.
• Inner two modes b and c are highly path
  entangled.
• Detecting n and m photons at Da and Dd allows
  with certainty knowledge of the state the inner
  two modes are in.

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Entanglement-Seeded Dual OPARyan Glasser, Hugo
Cable, JPD (see poster)

• Probability of obtaining an output state with a
  given n and m is

• Most probable joint detection outcome is nm1,
  which occurs at an easily experimentally
  obtainable gain of r0.66
• This results in the state
• This state input on a 50/50 beamsplitter results
  in the N4 N00N state

• If perfect number resolving detectors exist at Da
  and Dd , and we detect those modes out, we can
  use the entangled modes b and c for a quantum
  cryptography protocol.

Output probabilities of a given n and m
Whats Next???

• Recently finished calculation of output state
  including vacuum input.
• Need to quantify amount of entanglement in output
  state.
• Does output state beat the shot-noise limit?
• Viable source for noiseless amplification (one
  quadrature)?
• How do phase sensitive versus phase insensitive
  parametric amplifiers affect the scheme?
• Is degenerate parametric amplification required
  for the input?
• Effect of imperfect detectors on phase
  resolution.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Programmatics N00N State Characterization
N00N State Generation OPA! N00N State
Absorption Miscellaneous
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Multi-Photon Absorption William Plick, Christoph
Wildfeuer, JPD (poster)
Output of a BBO Crystal
Information about pump
Creation operators only part affected by beam
splitter.
Phase Mismatch K(pump) K(signal) K(idler)
Rate of two photon absorption

Detuned Virtual Level

One photon transition energy

• Equation found by B. R. Mollow using second
  order perturbation theory.
• For most cases of interest the atomic response
  (g) separates from the integral.
• The most important quantity is then the second
  order field correlation function (G).

Two photon transition energy
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Multi-Photon Absorption William Plick, Christoph
Wildfeuer, JPD (poster)

• Generalization of the perturbative approach to
  N-Photon interactions by G.S. Agarwal.
• Again the key quantity is shown to be the field
  correlation function. This time to Nth order and
  scaled by the intensity (1st order correlation).
• Obtaining a more concrete result for N-photon
  absorption rates for N00N states will require
  further investigation and knowledge of how these
  states are to be generated.

The rate of change of the average number of
photons in the field (in point of fact the
absorption rate) is proportional to the following
ratio
Note Scaled to coherent state

• In the meantime the normalized field correlation
  functions give a good approximation of how these
  absorption rates will scale.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Programmatics N00N State Characterization
N00N State Generation OPA! N00N State
Absorption Miscellaneous
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Quantum Optical Masking Imaging S. Vinjanampathy,
S. Thanvanthri, H. Cable, JPD (in progress)
Quantum Masking Lithography
Diffraction in Ghost Imaging
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Loss Noise in Interaction-Free Imaging Daniel
Lum JPD (in progress)

• Modeling
• Loss
• Scattering
• Turbulence
• Clutter

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Programmatics N00N State Characterization
N00N State Generation OPA! N00N State
Absorption Miscellaneous