Timber roof split due to strong hurricane winds

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Timber roof split due to strong hurricane winds
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In health facilities, a connection between
structural elements and the roof must be adequate
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Construction close to the sea shore might result
in great losses
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When there is a lack of symmetry among resisting
elements, wind will induce torsional effects
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Hipped roofs with slope from 20 to 30 degrees
interact better with the wind forces
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Pressure increase due to wind on overhanging roofs
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Protection effect of hospital building
A favorable location of adjacent buildings can
decrease the hurricane effects by reducing the
wind loads
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Unfavorable location of buildings adjacent to a
hospital
A bad location of nearby buildings
might induce increase of wind loads
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Bridge base erosion as a consequence of river
flow increase
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Landslide obstructing highway access
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Pressure sketch for wind perpendicular to the
ridge on a pitched-roof industrial building
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Pressure sketch for wind parallel to the ridge on
a pitched-roof industrial building
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Flat-slab systems without capitals present little
resistance against lateral forces. Their use on
hospitals should be avoided
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Wind load path on pitched-roof buildings
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Structural steel frame collapsed due to strong
winds
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Hurricane design philosophy for hospitals

• The hospital structure must be designed and built
  in such a way that it
• withstands, without any damage, the design
  hurricane event
• withstands, with minor and easily repaired
  damage, hurricanes greater than the design event.

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Vulnerability assessment objectives
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Qualitative methods for vulnerability assessments
Qualitative methods

• They assess quickly and simply the structural
  safety conditions of the building, taking into
  account the following parameters
• The age of the building
• The state of conservation and maintenance
• The characteristics of the materials used
• The number of stories
• The architectural plan

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Quantitative methods for vulnerability assessments
Quantitative methods
The goal is to determine the levels of resistance
of the structure by means of an analysis similar
to that used in new buildings and incorporating
nonstructural elements.
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Structural retrofitting

• The goal is to ensure that the health care
  facility will continue to function after a
  hurricane, by reinforcing existing components or
  incorporating additional structural components to
  improve the levels of strength and stiffness.
• The retrofitting measures should not interfere
  with the operation of the hospital during the
  process.