Anaerobic Digestion: Converting Waste to Power

1
Anaerobic DigestionConvertingWaste to Power
Melissa VanOrnum Marketing Manager
CONFIDENTIAL PROPERTY OF GHD, INC.
2
OUR COMPANY

• Based in Wisconsin
• Founded in 1989
• Packerland Digester in 1985 Still Operational
• Our First Digester
• Gordondale Farms, WI in September 2001
• 42 Digesters Operating at 30 Sites
• WI, IN, VT, WA, IL, GA, MI, OH, IA
• 30 Digesters Under Construction at 20 Sites
• WI, ID, FL, NY, VT, WA, MN, IL

CONFIDENTIAL PROPERTY OF GHD, INC.
3
BASIC ANAEROBIC SYSTEM FLOW DIAGRAM
WASTE STREAM
ANAEROBIC DIGESTER
5 SOILDS
BIOGAS
SOLIDS PRESS
ENGINE/ GENERATOR
LAGOON/ LIQUID STORAGE
LIQUIDS
CROP APPLICATION
35 SOLIDS
ELECTRICITY
SECONDARY TREATMENT
POWER CO. OWNER
RECAPTURED HEAT
FERTILIZER (NPK)
FIBER-BASED PRODUCTS
STREAM DISCHARGE
ANIMALS
FARM USE
BEDDING
CONFIDENTIAL PROPERTY OF GHD, INC.
4
TRADITIONAL DIGESTERS

• MIXED

• PLUG-FLOW

• Advantages
• For Waste lt 11 Solids
• Solids Liquids in Suspension
• Less Stratification Settling Issues
• Disadvantages
• No Guaranteed Retention Time
• Incomplete Pathogen Volatile Fatty Acid
  Destruction

• Advantages
• Guaranteed Retention Time
• Pathogen Destruction
• Gas Production
• High Solids Content
• Disadvantages
• No Waste lt 11 Solids
• Solids Settling
• Temperature Stratification

CONFIDENTIAL PROPERTY OF GHD, INC.
5
GHDs PATENTED DIGESTER

• MIXED

• PLUG-FLOW

• Advantages
• For Waste lt 11 Solids
• Solids Liquids in Suspension
• Less Stratification Settling Issues
• Disadvantages
• No Guaranteed Retention Time
• Incomplete Pathogen Volatile Fatty Acid
  Destruction

• Advantages
• Guaranteed Retention Time
• Pathogen Destruction
• Gas Production
• High Solids Content
• Disadvantages
• No Waste lt 11 Solids
• Solids Settling
• Temperature Stratification

CONFIDENTIAL PROPERTY OF GHD, INC.
6
BIOLOGICAL SYSTEM

• Manure/Waste Collection System
• Dairies (flush scrape), Other Animal Wastes
• Substrates Food Processing, Biofuels, etc.
• Digester Vessel
• Plug-flow Digester
• First In, First Out
• Digester Mixing
• Biogas Recirculation
• Digester Temperature
• Mesophilic 101oF

CONFIDENTIAL PROPERTY OF GHD, INC.
7
OUR SUBSTRATES

• Other Organic Wastes Added to Our System
• Restaurant/Casino/Institution Kitchen Grease
• Cheese Whey and Milk
• Distillers Grain
• Activated Sewer Sludge
• Cannery Waste (Vegetable and Fruit)
• Waste from a Ravioli Sauce Plant
• Silage Spoilage
• DAF from a Chicken Processing Plant
• Artificial Crab Meat and Fish Trimmings
• Etc.

CONFIDENTIAL PROPERTY OF GHD, INC.
8
CONFIDENTIAL PROPERTY OF GHD, INC.
9
CONFIDENTIAL PROPERTY OF GHD, INC.
CONFIDENTIAL PROPERTY OF GHD, INC.
10
PERFORMANCE DATA

• 55 - 60 Methane (CO2 45)
• 110 ft3 of biogas/cow/day
• 5 - 6 kW/cow/day (without substrates)
• Gen-Set Provides Electricity and Heat
• Small Amount of H2S (1500-6000 ppm)
• Excess Biogas Is Flared

CONFIDENTIAL PROPERTY OF GHD, INC.
11
DIGESTER BENEFITS

• Renewable Energy
• Four Cows 1 kW (without substrate)
• Reliable Engine Run-time Average of 92
• Low Parasitic Load Average lt10
• Can Help Improve Energy Distribution In Rural
  Areas
• Waste Heat Used to Heat Facilities
• Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction
• Eligible for Carbon Credits

CONFIDENTIAL PROPERTY OF GHD, INC.
12
CONFIDENTIAL PROPERTY OF GHD, INC.
CONFIDENTIAL PROPERTY OF GHD, INC.
13
DIGESTER BENEFITS

• Separated Solids Valuable Versatile
• High-quality Cow Bedding
• Pathogen Reduction Due to Plug-Flow Retention
  Time
• Somatic Cell Count/Herd Health
• Clean Cows
• Fertilizer
• Peat Moss Replacement
• Particle Board
• Plastic

CONFIDENTIAL PROPERTY OF GHD, INC.
14
CONFIDENTIAL PROPERTY OF GHD, INC.
15
CONFIDENTIAL PROPERTY OF GHD, INC.
16
DIGESTER BENEFITS

• Liquid Fertilizer Primarily Inorganic
• 23 Solids
• Irrigation vs. Trucking
• pH Increase
• Applied Directly to Growing Crops
• Increased Crop Yield
• Lessens Likelihood of Runoff

CONFIDENTIAL PROPERTY OF GHD, INC.
17
CONFIDENTIAL PROPERTY OF GHD, INC.
18
DIGESTER BENEFITS

• Nutrient Management
• Reduced Nitrogen Phosphorus Loading By
  Separating Liquids From Solids
• 40 of Phosphorus Goes With Separated Solids
• Lower Nutrient Levels Allows Increase In
  Application Volume Per Acre
• Odor Reduction
• At Farm When Spreading Liquid Manure
• 97 VFA Destruction per EPA AgSTAR
• Helps Farmers Ready for Tighter Regs

CONFIDENTIAL PROPERTY OF GHD, INC.
19
AG STAR PROGRAM SAMPLING RESULTS Gordondale Farms
CONFIDENTIAL PROPERTY OF GHD, INC.
20
REQUIREMENTS FOR A SUCCESSFUL DIGESTER

• Guaranteed Retention Time for Entire Waste Stream
• No Stratification
• Constant Temperature
• Full Dispersion of Bacteria Population
• Ability to Handle Multiple Waste Streams
• Ability to Handle a Wide Range of Solids
  Concentration

CONFIDENTIAL PROPERTY OF GHD, INC.
21
DIGESTER DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS

• Cost per Gallon (or animal units) of Waste
• Cost per kW Produced
• kW Produced per Gallon of Waste
• Ability To Accept Different Solids
• Systems Parasitic Load ( of kW Produced)
• Labor Requirements / Ease of Operation
• Quality of Separated Solids Liquid Effluent
• of Systems In Operation
• Third Party Data / Performance Verification

CONFIDENTIAL PROPERTY OF GHD, INC.
22
Questions?

• GHD, Inc.
• 920.849.9797
• corporate_at_ghdinc.net
• www.ghdinc.net

CONFIDENTIAL PROPERTY OF GHD, INC.