Ethics, Values, and Attitudes

1
Chapter 7

• Ethics, Values, and Attitudes

2
Chapter Goals

• The goal of this chapter is to explore how
  leadership leads to ethical dilemmas where our
  ethics, values, and attitudes are directly
  involved.

3
Ethics

• Ethics are principles of right conduct or a
  system of moral values.

4
Values

• Values are constructs representing generalized
  behaviors or states of affairs that are
  considered by the individual to be important.
  (Gordon, 1975, p.2)

5
Developmental Stages

• Kohlberg theorized that people progress through a
  series of developmental stages in their moral
  reasoning
• The Preconventional Stage
• The Conventional Stage
• The Postconventional Stage

6
Developmental Levels and Stages of Moral
Reasoning - Preconventional level
7
Developmental Levels and Stages of Moral
Reasoning - Conventional level
Cont.
8
Developmental Levels and Stages of Moral
Reasoning - Postconventional level
Cont.
9
Values can affect leaders in six different ways

• values affect leaders perceptions of situations
  and the problems at hand.
• values affect the solutions generated and the
  decisions that are reached.
• values influence how leaders perceive different
  individuals and groups.

10
Values can affect leaders in six different ways
Cont.

• values influence leaders perceptions of
  individual and organizational successes as well
  as the manner in which these successes are to be
  achieved.
• values provide a basis for leaders to
  differentiate between right and wrong, and
  between ethical and unethical behavior.
• values may affect the extent to which leaders
  accept or reject organizational pressures and
  goals.

11
Attitudes

• Attitudes have three components
• the ideational component concerns what the
  attitude is about.
• the affective component concerns the feelings one
  has about those ideas.
• the behavioral component concerns how people act
  in certain ways.

12
Seven Fundamental Dilemmas that People of all
Cultures Face

• Source of Identity Individual-Collective
• Goals and Means of Achievement Tough-Tender
• Orientation to Authority Equal-Unequal
• Response to Ambiguity Dynamic-Stable

13
Seven Fundamental Dilemmas that People of all
Cultures Face
Cont.

• Means of Knowledge Acquisition Active-Reflective
• Perspective on Time Scarce-Plentiful
• Outlook on Life Doing-Being