CUBISM

1
CUBISM

• Main artists
• Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque
• Other artists
• Andre Derain and Juan Gris

2
Background Information

• 1889 Edison shows 1st motion picture
• 1891 Motion picture camera is patented by Edison.
  Sound recording is developed by Edison.
• 1903 Aviation age is begun by Wright brothers.
• 1904 Exposition held in Paris (showcased
  primitive arts)
• 1905 Sigmund Freud formulates Psychoanalysis
• 1907 Great Cezanne Memorial exhibition is held
  (Picasso paints Les Desmoiselles DAvignon
• 1908 Model T (touring car introduced by Henry
  Ford

• 1908 Georges Braques and Pablo Picasso meet and
  join forces.
• 1908 Louis Vauxcelles (art critic) coins the term
  Cubism.
• 1909 Wireless Radio developed by Marconi
• 1910 Einstein publishes his theory of relativity.
• 1912 Braque and Picasso make change from
  Analytical to Synthetic Cubism
• 1913 New York Armory Show
• (Brings controversial European art trends to
  United States.
• 1914-18 World War 1

3
Influence Paul Cezanne Cezanne started as an
Impressionist but then developed his own style)
I am the primitive of the method I have
invented Paul Cezanne
The Garden at les Lauves 1906
Nudes In Landscape 1900-1905
Mont St. Victoire seen from Les Lauves 1902-1906
Nature should be handled With the cylinder,
sphere and cone. Cezanne
Bend in Road 1900-1906
Still life with apples 1890-1894
sStill
4
Analytical Synthetic CubismVisual
Characteristics

• Analytical Cubism
• Show object from multiple and stereotypic points
  of views at the same time (relates to Egyptian
  painting)
• Color limited to browns, greens, black and grey
• Planes interpenetrate other planes
• Very shallow fractured space (Influence of
  Cezanne)
• Built around central vertical core
• Objects and spaces are destroyed and rebuilt
• Architectonic formula expressing abstract order
  (but the object is still necessary)

• Synthetic Cubism
• Color is introduced to a flattened form of Cubism
• The collage is invented by Braque and picasso
• Use of real and simulated textures (Grattage and
  Frottage)
• Little paint used extensive use of charcoal
• Extensive use of lettering
• Space is much flatter
• Extensive use of bare canvas
• Incorporation of sand for three dimensional
  texture.

5
Towards Cubism Proto Cubism Picasso
1900-1908Compared to Braque Picasso was
influenced by Egyptian, Iberian and African
sculpture whereas Braques main influence was
Cezanne
Les Desmoiselles DAvignon 1907
Portrait of Gertrude Stein 1906
Self Portrait 1908
6
Analytical Cubism (Picasso) Picasso and Braque
explored breakiing down the boundaries of
Classical art. They sought to represent different
viewpoint of an aobject on a single picture plane.
"Picasso and Things," Cleveland Museum of Art
"Picasso, working in tandem with Braque in 1911,
increasingly thought of his works as still life
objects in themselves. A canvas as small of this
only slightly more than a foot high would be a
particular pleasure to hold in our hands. Wine
Glass seems an improvisation, but is probably a
highly (if quickly) calculated work of art.
Although the axis is moved far to the right on
the canvas, that vertical stabilizing the work is
a strong reminder of its equilibrium as well as
the spine of its analysis. Picasso would, during
the Cubist years, often choose to represent a
single glass in the neutral surroundings of a
cafe. Part of the appeal must have been to
suggest its transparency and its luminosity
without painting as illusionistically as he had
more nearly done in The Blue Glass of 1903 (no.
2). On the whole, he had liked goblets with
straight sides, but here he at least gives it a
rotund bowl in the interior, although reinforced
by rectangles behind. "The shapes with which he
suggests the glass do have a prismatic effect,
giving that sense of transparency and refraction
of light he must have desired. He was attracted
by the curve of the glass's ellipse, which
becomes a particularly brilliant segment of light
to the right of the vertical, both parts poised
at an angle as if they might but could not fly.
The glass's base curves over itself in a snail
like form that is repeated behind. Beyond the
concentration of the spine, the painting becomes
a drawing with diagrammatic strokes, vvhich
summarily help place the glass in space."
Picassos Guitar Player 1910
Picassos Glass 1911
7
Synthetic Cubism (Picasso)Introduction of color,
collaged elements, lettering and sand
COLLAGE
A C T U A L
Guitar and Violin 1914
T E X T U R E
S I M U L A T E D
Harlequin With Violin 1918
Still Life with Fruit on Dish 1914-15

COLOR FROTTAGE SHAPE SAND GRATTAGE
8
Towards CubismGeorges Braque
" I no longer believe in anything. Objects do not
exist for me, except as there is a harmony among
them and between them and myself. when one
attains this harmony, ones attains a sort of
intellectual void. In this way, everything
becomes possible, fitting, and life is a
perpetual revelation. that is true poetry. "

• Georges Braque had worked independently of Pablo
  Picasso and had developed a very similar style,
  fracturing the picture plane into intersecting
  planes . It was Braques paintings at LEstaque
  that Louis Vauxcelles had seen which inspired the
  term Cubism

" I did not decide to become a painter, any more
than I decided to breathe."
Castle at La Roche Guyon 1909
" When fragmented objects appeared in my painting
around 1909, it was a way for me to get as close
as possible to the object, as painting allowed."
John Golding, "Cubism""Braque's paintings at
La Roche Guyon show a continuation of the
fragmentation of form and the elaborate surface
treatment already seen in Harbor in Normandy. The
brush-strokes have become smaller and more
numerous, and perspective is distorted to such an
extent that the buildings occasionally appear to
be composed of completely dislocated or
dissociated walls and roofs. The paintings are
softer, shapes and objects tend to fuse and merge
more, and there is almost a suggestion of the
atmospheric shimmer of light."
Houses at LEstaque 1908
9
Analytical Cubism (Georges Braque)

•  

Bottle and Fishes 1910
'My picture is an object, a flat surface, and the
spatial sensations it evokes are a painter's
space which is intended to inform and not
deceive.
Le Portugais 1911-1912
Harbor 1908-09
Examining Braque's Harbour 1908 (Figure 1) we
find an abstract construction of houses and boats
from their most basic forms, being the cube,
sphere and cone. Braque eliminated a single
perspective by painting the boats and houses in
multiple perspectives that he (and by incidence
most people) found most recognisable. These
included an aerial view of the struts and masts
of the boats, and the roofs of the houses (right
side) but a landscape view of the helms of the
boats and arches of the houses. Therefore Braque
was not painting these objects as he saw them,
but as he 'knew' them.
10
Synthetic Cubism Georges Braque

• Art is Made to Disturb. Science Reassures

Black Fish 1942
Still Life on a Table 1914

Fruit
on a Table cloth with a Fruitdish 1925
11
The Other Cubist Artist Juan Gris
Guitar and Music Table 1927
The Open Window 1921
Harlequin With Guitar 1916
Bottles and Knife 1911
Guitar on a Chair 1912
Musicians Table 1914
You are lost the moment you know what
the result will be.
12
Using The Example Below Fill In The Remaining
Boxes