Norge som global maritim kompetansehub

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Norge som global maritim kompetansehub

• Professor Torger Reve
• Handelshøyskolen BI

Haugesundskonferansen 05.02.2008
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Transforming the Norwegian maritime cluster
into a global maritime knowledge hub
Outline

• Competing through industrial clustering and
  global knowledge hubs
• Norway as a maritime cluster and maritime
  knowledge hub
• The future of Norway as a global maritime
  knowledge hub

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Norway has two major maritime clusters that are
globally leading
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The Norwegian Maritime Cluster
SHIPPING
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The Norwegian Energy Cluster
Oil gas comp
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The four maritime subclusters overlap
Shipping
Oil and gas
Offshore
Maritime
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What makes Norway a maritime cluster?

• Maritime nation since the Viking ages
• Many risk-taking Norwegian ship-owners
• Strong shipping milieu in Oslo and Bergen (and
  Haugesund)
• Strong ship technology and equipment industry
• Leading maritime RD and maritime services
• Synergy between maritime and offshore industries

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What challenges the Norwegian maritime cluster?

• Norwegian shipping companies moving their
  headquarters abroad
• Norwegian shipbuilding and ship equipment
  industry weakening as investment boom is over
• Norway losing its leading edge in maritime
  technology and maritime services
• Norwegian maritime industry losing the battle for
  new talent
• Norwegian shipping is losing its trust in the
  Norwegian government (maritime tax conflict)

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Trends in industrial locations

• Manufacturing moves to low cost locations
• Market units move to where the customers are
• RD moves to high knowledge locations
• Leading companies attract other companies from
  the same industry
• Headquarters remain in the financial centers of
  the world
• Goverments compete to attract knowledge industry

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What is an industrial cluster?

• Geographical concentration of related companies
• Critical mass of companies at all parts of the
  value chain
• Closeness to demanding customers and advanced
  suppliers
• Leading edge research targeting the cluster
• Dynamic service providers serving the cluster
• Specialized labor and capital markets
• Cooperation and keen competition between actors
• Innovation and entrepreneurship drive change
• Linkages to global markets and global clusters

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Dynamic industrial clusters are engines of value
creation

• Cluster firms have higher value creation
• Cluster firms have higher growth
• Cluster firms have higher productivity
• Cluster firms have higher salaries

Source Reve Jakobsen (2001)
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Dynamic industrial clusters are engines of
innovation

• Cluster firms have higher innovation capacity
• Cluster firms have higher spinoff rates
• Cluster firms have higher commercialization
  success
• Cluster firms have higher dynamism of change

Source Reve Jakobsen (2001)
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What advantages do companies have of belonging to
an international cluster?

• Better access to competent people and innovative
  ideas
• Better access to specialized suppliers and
  demanding customers
• Better access to frontier research and
  development
• Better access to venture capital and competent
  investors
• Lower transaction costs of doing business

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What is the optimal location for the global
maritime industry?

• The maritime industry thrives in maritime
  clusters
• The maritime industry mirrors global trade
• The maritime industry consists of three major
  parts Shipping, Shipbuilding and Ports
• The maritime industry is a highly mobile industry
• The maritime industry runs on capital, competence
  and customers

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Where are the international maritime clusters?

• Japan
• Korea
• China
• Singapore
• Norway
• Greece
• Germany
• London
• Netherlands
• Denmark

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Vår fremtid er kunnskap og kapital
Kilde V. Norman et al. (2007) Globetrotterne,
Centre for Advanced Studies in Economics - SNF
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Arbeidsintensive virksomheter blir sterkt
redusert i hele OECD
Kilde V. Norman et al. (2006) De gode
hjelperne, Rapport til Nærings- og
handelsdepartementet, Centre for Advanced Studies
in Economics - SNF
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I Norge forsvinner konkurranseutsatt
arbeidsintensiv sektor i løpet av 15 år
Kilde V. Norman et al. (2007) Globetrotterne,
Centre for Advanced Studies in Economics - SNF
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Sysselsettingen i kunnskapsintensiv sektor vil
derimot øke
Kilde V. Norman et al. (2007) Globetrotterne,
Centre for Advanced Studies in Economics - SNF
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Klyngeeffekten vil forsterke sysselsettingstrenden
i kunnskapsintensiv sektor
Kilde V. Norman et al. (2007) Globetrotterne,
Centre for Advanced Studies in Economics - SNF
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I 2060 vil utenlandsinvesteringer være vår klart
største valutaskaper
Kilde V. Norman et al. (2007) Globetrotterne,
Centre for Advanced Studies in Economics - SNF
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Aggressive direkte investeringer imaritim sektor
Verdi norskeid kontraktsmasse
Mrd. NOK
Kilde Norges Rederiforbund
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Hele den maritime klyngen bidrar
Verdiskaping i maritim sektor fordelt på fire
hovedgrupper. Tall i mrd. NOK, 2005
Kilde Menon/Maritimt forum
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Cluster upgrading mechanisms

• Common cluster organization
• Rich communication areas
• Mobility of human resources
• Cluster R D programs
• Cluster management education programs
• Joint cooperative ventures
• Government cluster policy

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The Norwegian government maritime strategy

• Norway will be a World Leading Maritime Nation
• Norwegian Maritime Cluster should be the most
  innovative and environmentally friendly
• Norway shall be world leading in maritime
  expertise
• Norway shall be world leading in maritime
  research and innovation
• Norwegian shipping companies shall have the
  European Maritime Tax Regime

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How to compete in a flat world?

• Competition is innovation competition
• Competition is knowledge competition
• Necessary to upgrade the knowledge infrastructure
• Necessary to invest more in RD, education and
  competence development
• Necessary to attract the talents on a global
  basis

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• Innovation Management in the
• Global Knowledge Economy

BI - WW Academy Management Development Program
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The role of global knowledge hubs

• Global knowledge hubs attract knowledge
  industries, and global knowledge industries
  attract the best talent world wide
• Global knowledge hubs have leading edge RD
  creating innovation and new technology
• Global knowledge hubs have world class education
  attracting global talent and entrepreneurship
• Global knowledge hubs have close linkages between
  universities and knowledge companies
• Global knowledge hubs form a knowledge web of
  general and specialized industrial positions

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Examples of global knowledge hubs

• Boston (Life sciences)
• Houston (Oil gas)
• Silicon Valley (IT)

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Winning the advanced knowledge industries
requires the cluster is upgraded to a global
knowledge hub

• Norway has a unique possibility to gain such a
  global position in the energy and maritime
  industries
• Transforming the strong maritime cluster into a
  global maritime knowledge hub requires a
  visionary national strategy

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Where are the global maritime knowledge hubs?

• Japan ?
• China ?
• Singapore ?
• Norway ?

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What does it take to transform an industrial
cluster to a global knowledge hub?

• Attracting the major international companies
• Attracting their major knowledge functions
• Attracting the top talents on a global scale
• Developing world class universities
• Developing world class infrastructure
• Developing world class meeting places

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The global T-battle

• Talent
• Technology
• Tolerance
• Tax

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The Norwegian Maritime Educational Initiative

• The Norwegian maritime industry has to win the
  battle over talent
• Norway shall become a world-class maritime
  educational hub attracting the best global talent
• World-class maritime education requires
  world-class maritime research at both the
  technological and commercial level
• Need to fund 10 15 maritime professorships at
  NTNU, BI and NHH for 10 years (NOK 100 200
  mill)
• Develop global maritime degree programs at BSc,
  MSc, PhD and Executive levels to be offered in
  Norway and Asia

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The role of BI in maritime knowledge development

• BI Centre for Maritime Competitiveness
• BSc and MSc programs in shipping in Oslo (BI) and
  Singapore (BI - NTU)
• Maritime diploma programs (Vietnam, Indonesia,
  Dubai)
• Global maritime conferences (e.g., Bunker)
• Global maritime executive programs (e.g., WW)
• Global maritime EMBA program (Oslo Singapore
  Shanghai)

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BI Campus Nydalen The new knowledge hub in Oslo
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Conclusions

• Global industries are increasingly clustering
• Knowledge industries require knowledge hubs
• Norway has both a strong maritime cluster and a
  dynamic maritime knowledge hub
• The Norwegian Maritime Cluster needs to win the
  battle for talent and technology
• The Norwegian Maritime Educational Initiative is
  a major move to build a global maritime knowledge
  hub
• The Norwegian Maritime Strategy needs more vision
  and implementation power