Application of ASIP in Wireless Sensor Networks

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Application of ASIP in Wireless Sensor Networks

• Presented by
• Dr. M. K. Jain (Dept. of CS, MLSU)
• Deepak Gour (Dept of IT, SPSU)

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Introduction of WSN

• Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) is new computing
  environments in the post-PC era that are
  different from traditional desktop and server
  environments. It contains large number of sensor
  nodes with limited capability of computation,
  communication and sensing. Nodes collaborate with
  each other through a wireless channel to
  accomplish an assigned task. Figure 1 is showing
  the basic characteristics of WSN and Figure 2 is
  showing representation of WSN.

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Figure 1 Characteristics of WSN
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Figure 2 Representation of WSN
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WSN Characteristics

• According to Jennifer following are the
  characteristics of WSN
• Random deployment
• Cooperative capabilities
• Sensor nodes are densely deployed.
• Sensor nodes are prone to failures
• Sensor nodes are limited in power, computational
  capacities and memory.
• Sensor nodes may not have global ID

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WSN General Properties

• According to I. F. Akyildiz following are the
  general properties of WSN
• Mainly for Information Collection
• Single Owner
• Up to Hundreds of Thousands of Nodes
• Disposable Nodes
• Cheap Nodes
• Security Concerns
• Collaborative

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WSN General Properties (contd..)

• Bounded Directed Stream (from/to Sink)
• Somewhat Limited Computation Capability
• Limited Communication Capability
• Limited Power Resources
• Node may not have Unique ID
• Common case - Stationary Nodes

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Applications of WSN

• The major application areas of WSN are
  demonstrated through Figure 3. They are ranging
  from environment, habitat and industrial
  monitoring. They are very useful in
  transportation, Office security, Fire detection
  and target tracking.

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Figure 3 Applications of WSN
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Challenges in WSN

• The major challenges comes through the
  Characteristics of WSN as they are usually
  deployed randomly where human intervention is
  likely to be very low. As the major
  characteristics sensor nodes are limited in
  power, computational capacities and memory .

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Challenges in WSN (contd..)

• According to P. Bergamo and D. Maniezzo,
  following are the major challenges in WSN
• Scarce energy, low bandwidth
• Unattended ad-hoc deployment
• Very large scale
• High noise and fault rates
• Dynamic / uncertain environments
• High variation in application-specific
  requirements

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Challenges in WSN (contd..)

• The Major challenges of WSN are as Energy,
  Computation, Communication, Scalability, Fault
  Tolerance, Power Consumption, Secure Systems etc.
  Application Specific Instruction Processor (ASIP)
  can be an ideal solution for all the mentioned
  challenges as ASIP is targeting a processor
  architecture designed for a particular
  application or for a set of applications and
  exploits special characteristics of
  application(s) to meet the desired performance,
  cost and power requirements. Table 1 represents
  the comparison among the available technologies
  as GPP, ASIP, and ASIC.

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Table 1 Comparison among GPP, ASIP and ASIC
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STEPS IN ASIP SYNTHESIS

• Gloria defined some main requirements of the
  design of application-specific architectures.
  Important among these are as follows
• Design starts with the application behavior.
• Evaluate several architectural options.
• Identify hardware functionalities to speed up the
  application.
• Introduce hardware resources for frequently used
  operations only if it can be supported during
  compilation.

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STEPS IN ASIP SYNTHESIS (contd..)

• ASIP fits in between these two and provides
  flexibility at lower cost than General
  programmable processors. According to M.K. Jain
  design of ASIP can be typically divided in five
  steps as shown in Figure 4
• Application Analysis
• Architecture design space Exploration.
• Instruction-set generation
• Code synthesis
• Hardware synthesis

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Figure 4 Flow Diagram of ASIP Design Methodology
Application Design Constraints
Application Analysis
Architectural Design Space Exploration
Instruction Set Generation
Code Synthesis
Hardware Synthesis
Object Code
Processor Description
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Application Analysis

• ASIP design starts with analysis of application,
  analysis of test-data and design constraints. An
  application written in any high level language is
  analyzed both statically and dynamically which is
  then stored in some suitable intermediate format,
  which is then used in the subsequent steps.

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Architecture Design Space Exploration

• It involves identifying the broad architectural
  features of the ASIP. First of all, the
  architectural space to be explored is defined,
  keeping in view the parameters extracted during
  application analysis and the input constraints.
  Architecture is defined using some standard
  Architecture Definition Language (ADL) as
  EXPRESSION and LISA.

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Instruction Set Generation

• Instruction set is to be generated for that
  particular application and for the architecture
  selected. This instruction set is used during the
  code synthesis and hardware synthesis steps.

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Code Synthesis

• Compiler generator or retargetable code generator
  is used to synthesize code for the particular
  application or for a set of application.

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Hardware Synthesis

• In this step the hardware is synthesized using
  the ASIP architecture template and instruction
  set architecture starting from a description in
  VHDL/VERILOG using standard tools.

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Conclusion

• We have survey the WSN and also figure out its
  important functions, characteristics, and general
  properties. We also identified the major
  challenges of WSN are as Energy, Computation,
  Communication, Scalability, Fault Tolerance,
  Power Consumption, Secure Systems etc. This
  survey clearly indicates the need of a specific
  processor which must meets the major requirements
  as low power, low cost and high performance
  parameters.

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Conclusion (contd..)

• As ASIP is a processor designed for a particular
  application or for a set of applications. An ASIP
  exploits special characteristics of
  application(s) to meet the desired performance,
  cost and power requirements. In the ASIP design,
  it is important to search for a processor
  architecture that matches target application. To
  achieve this goal, it is essential to estimate
  design quality of various candidate architecture
  in terms of area, performance, and power
  consumption.

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Conclusion (contd..)

• This derives the need of ASIP architecture in
  WSN. If ASIP architecture is used in WSN, it
  provides the solution for the major challenges as
  Energy, Scalability Fault Tolerance, Power
  Consumption, and high performance parameters.

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• THANK YOU
• You Can reach to us via following emails
• manoj_at_cse.iitd.ernet.in
• deepak.gour_at_spsu.ac.in