MICA

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MICA

• Knowledge Exchange and
  Information Centre (KEIC)
• Literature Search
• Citation and References
• Plagiarism

Gateway to Knowledge
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CONDUCTING LITERATURE SEARCH

• Literature search is the means to bridge the gap
  that has created because of vast literature and
  lack of time to update regularly oneself.

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Why Review The Literature

• To familiarize yourself with previous research on
  your select topic
• To critically determine the level of theory and
  knowledge development relevant to your problem
• To determine the relevance of the current
  research
• To determine a rationale for the selection of
  your research strategy

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How will the review help the research

• Become aware of how others approached and
  resolved problems
• Direct your research in different ways
• Inability to find literature that will support
  your position of strengthen a theory or
  hypothesis
• Help design your research based on previous good
  or flawed research

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How to conduct of literature search

• Determine when to do a research
• Delimit what is searched
• Access data base for periodicals and documents
• Organize the information
• Critically evaluate the literature
• Write the literature review

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When to do a research

• A literature review always comes first and
  proceeds the final formulation of a research
  question and the implementation of the study

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Delimiting the research

• Before beginning a search, the researchers needs
  to set parameters as to what is relevant
• Select parameters that will allow you a
  comprehensive review, but one that is practical
  and not overwhelming

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Accessing database

• The most common used databases in the field of
  management/Communications are EBSCOS Questia
• EBSCOS Questia provide with a very quick
  effective ways of researching hundreds of
  journals
• EBSCOS is constantly undergoing changes such as
  full article previewing and better searching and
  limiting methods
• Access libraryonline

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Organizing information

• Begin organisation by reading article abstracts
  (Communication Abstracts, Journal of Marketing
  covers abstracts at the end.)
• Journal articles should be categorised into a
  highly relevant, relevant and not relevant
• Articles that are highly relevant and somewhat
  relevant should be read and examined critically
• Never miss to write the source

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Critically evaluating the literature

• Question should be developed by the researchers
  to apply the articles
• These questions should help limit the articles
  that can be used to support the research
• Works that are deemed flawed or lack adequate
  support should be discarded

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Writing the literature review

• The writing of the literature review is to
  justify your research, or for a manuscript
  describe the completed research project
• The literature review should not only present an
  overview but should also critically examine the
  previous research

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SOURCES OF INFORMATION

• Primary
• Secondary
• Tertiary
• Non-Documentary
• Internet

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PRIMARY SOURCE

• First published records of original research and
  development or description of new application or
  new interpretation of an old theme or idea.
• Primary sources are published in variety of forms

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PERIODICALS

• Journals
• Jr. of Communication
• Jr. of Marketing
• Jr. of Marketing Research
• Jr. of Brand Management
• Visual Communication

Periodicals information is more up-to-date than
books
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PERIODICALS

• Bulletins
• AAA Bulletin
• AMIC Bulletin
• AEJMC Bulletin
• Transactions
• Proceedings or Similar Work
• AAA Proceedings

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RESEARCH REPORT

• Explains only research and development projects
  (progress report)
• Atomic Research

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RESEARCH MONOGRAPHS

• Separately published reports on original research
  
• e.g. Creativity and the prepared mind by Ray
  Hyman (National Art Education Association,
  Research Monograph- I)

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TRADE LITERATURE

• Source for getting information about particular
  products and development
• e.g. Textile machine

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DISSERTATION

• A candidate working towards a degree to write a
  dissertation under the supervision of a guide.
  They are usually expected to evidence of original
  research.

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UNPUBLISHED SOURCES

• Memoranda
• Diaries
• Letter to or from a particular individual
• Company file
• Internal research report

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UNPUBLISHED SOURCES

• State papers
• Inscription (Wording on a coin, medal, and seal)
• Portraits (Paintings)
• Oral history
• Coins

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SECONDARY SOURCES

• Information are those which either compiled from
  or refer to primary sources of information.
• This information is Modified, Selected
  Recognized.

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PERIODICALS

• Specialise in interpreting and providing opinions
  on developing reported in primary sources of
  information.
• Facts for You
• Economic and Political Weekly
• Seminar

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BIBLIOGRAPHIES

• A bibliography is an organized list of primary or
  other sources related to a given subject(s) or
  person.
• Bibliography on advertising

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INDEXING PERIODICALS

• Compilation of titles of articles that appear in
  current primary source of journals, new books,
  pamphlets etc.
• Current Index of Management Marketing

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ABSTRACTING PERIODICALS

• Compilation of concise summaries of significant
  articles, monographs, reports, patents, other
  primary source publications.
• Communication Abstracts
• Dissertation Abstracts International

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REVIEWS (SURVEY TYPE)

• Survey of the primary literature
• Annual Review of Consumer Research

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MONOGRAPHS

• Short treaties on a specific subject. Monograph
  may be brought out as a part of series.
• Advertising in Rural India - monograph series 36

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TEXTBOOK

• Book of instruction which enables one to develop
  proper understanding of the subject.
• Marketing Management
• by Philip Kotler

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REFERENCE BOOKS

• Not read from first page to last page is called
  reference books.
• Encyclopedias
• Dictionaries/Thesaurus
• Handbooks, Manuals
• Tables

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TERTIARY SOURCES

• Contain information distilled and collected from
  primary and secondary sources.
• Bibliography of bibliographies
• Directories Guide to Literature

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NON-DOCUMENTARY SOURCES

• Formal - Organization
• Informal - Individual

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SEARCH STRATEGY

• Subject/Topic (Impact of TV on Children)
• Scope (sources)
• Time Period to be Covered
• Avoid Duplication

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SEARCH STRATEGY

• Name Eyeglasses UT Spectacles BT Optical
  Devices NT Sunglasses RT Contact Lenses
  Brand Name, Generic Name
• Company Name

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SEARCH SOURCES form General to Specific

• Encyclopedia
• Bibliography
• Reviews
• Abstracting Indexing Services
• Journals/Magazines
• References at the end of Publications
• Databases

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DATABASE

• AMERICAN ACADEMY OF ADVERTISING
• BOOK
• TV COMMERCIAL
• DISSERTATION
• NEWSPAPER
• PERIODICALS

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DATABASE

• CMIE
• MAGINDIA.COM
• VANS
• ISI EMERGING MARKET
• INDIASTAT.COM
• EBSCO
• QUESTIA

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DATABASE

• MR SOURCES
• MP PLANNING SOURCES
• ECONOMIC DATA SOURCES
• CREATIVE SOURCES

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CITE REFERENCES AT END

• It is necessary to write used information sources
  at the end when you submit your assignment,
  project report, research report, dissertation
  according to the APA style manual right from the
  first assignment to dissertation and in practice
  when you are with the industry.
• Used by Management and Social Science Academic
  Community

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CITE REFERENCES

• Advantages of acknowledging ones source
  accurately
• Enrich your written assignment
• Satisfaction of doing right thing
• High ethics
• Walk with your head held high
• Enhance your credibility without responsibility
• Aware of latest development
• Statement is wrong then author is responsible
• Reliable and respected source increase the
  credibility
• Directing researchers to original sources

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REASONS FOR USING CITATIONS

• Paying homage to pioneers.
• Giving credit for related work.
• Identifying methodology, equipment, etc.
• Providing background reading.
• Correcting background reading.
• Correcting the work of others.

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REASONS FOR USING CITATIONS

• Criticizing previous work. Substantiating claims
  (by proof).
• Alerting researchers to forthcoming
• work.
• Providing leads to poorly disseminated, poorly
  indexed or uncited work.

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REASONS FOR USING CITATIONS

• Authenticating data and classes of facts-physical
  constants etc.
• Identifying original publications in which an
  idea or concept or term was discussed.
• Identifying the original publication describing
  an eponymic concept or term as Paretos Law

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REASONS FOR USING CITATIONS

• Disclaiming work or ideas of others.
• Disputing priority claims of others.

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PLAGIARISM

• Most of us dont steal
• Wrong to take other peoples things without prior
  permission
• Intended and unintended plagiarism
• Common intellectual property
• - Neem, Solar Eclipse, M/F ratio
• - Commonly briefing
• Specific information/knowledge
• - Number
• - Kind of authority

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PLAGIARISM

• The word plagiarism used in relation to
  lawsuits in the publishing and recording
  industries

Note Music piracy grows 50 in 01
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ACADEMIC PLAGIARISM

• Plagiarism is the act of using another persons
  ideas or expressions in your writing without
  acknowledging the source

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ACADEMIC PLAGIARISM

• Plagiarism is to give the impression that you
  have written of thought something that you have
  borrowed from someone else

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ACADEMIC PLAGIARISM

• Alexander Lindey defines it as the false
  assumption of
• authorship the wrongful act of taking the
  product of another persons mind, and presenting
  it as ones own.

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ACADEMIC PLAGIARISM

• Plagiarism often carries severe penalties,
  ranging from failure in a course to expulsion
  from school

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HOW TO WRITE THE REFERENCE

• Author (Single/multiple)
• Title
• Sub Title
• Place
• Publisher
• Year
• Vol. No.
• Issue No.
• pp

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HOW TO WRITE THE REFERENCE

• Direct quotes
• Reproducing text word from another source
• Khandwalla (2002, p.23) observes that few
  companies have courage as a core competency.
• Few companies have courage as a core competency
  (Khandwalla, 2002, p.23).
• Direct quotes should not be more than 500 words
• Three dots (FewCompetency)
• 5 Crore 50 millions writer to improve quality

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HOW TO WRITE THE REFERENCE

• Paraphrasing text
• - Khandwalla (2002) singles out courage
  courage to take risks, courage to deal with the
  emotions of co-workers and courage to stand up
  for ones values and beliefs as the most
  important requirement for a manager interested in
  initiating and managing change in his
  organisation.
• Difference quote and own wording
• Khandwalla (2002) points out that few companies
  have courage as a core competency. There are
  several other works says the same. Khandwalla
  (2002) also points out that few companies have
  courage as a core competency.

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HOW TO WRITE THE REFERENCE

• Demonstrating awareness of other works
• - Several authors (e.g. Khandwalla 2002 Peter
  2002) have emphasized the need for courage,
  especially courage to take risk in managers who
  pursue innovation and change.
• - Courage, especially courage to take risk in
  managers who peruses innovation and change in
  your organisation (see
• Khandwalla 2002 Peter 2002).
• - As Khandwalla (2002) and Parel (2002) argue
  that managers who pursue innovation and change
  ought of have the courage to take risks, the
  model proposed here incorporates courage as a
  potentially relevant factor influencing the
  organisational change process.
• - As Khandwalla (2002) suggests that courage to
  take risks is important for managers pursuing
  change, we feel that it was appropriate to
  include it as one of the characteristics of
  managers in our proposed model

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Thank You